2007 AMC 12B 第 22 题

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22.

两个粒子沿等边 ABC\triangle ABC 的边按方向 同时同速运动。一个从 AA 出发,另一个从 BC\overline{BC} 的中点出发。连接两个粒子的线段的中点所走路径围成区域 RR。求 RR 的面积与 ABC\triangle ABC 面积之比。 ABCA,A\to B\to C\to A,

Two particles move along the edges of equilateral ABC\triangle ABC in the direction ABCA,A\to B\to C\to A, starting simultaneously and moving at the same speed. One starts at A,A, and the other starts at the midpoint of BC.\overline{BC}. The midpoint of the line segment joining the two particles traces out a path that encloses a region R.R. What is the ratio of the area of RR to the area of ABC?\triangle ABC?

116\dfrac{1}{16}

112\dfrac{1}{12}

19\dfrac{1}{9}

16\dfrac{1}{6}

14\dfrac{1}{4}

答案:A
知识点:相似面积比重心
难度评级:2220
解答:

D,E,FD,E,F 分别为 BC,CA,AB,BC,CA,AB, 的中点,设 X,Y,ZX,Y,Z 分别为 AD,BE,CF,AD,BE,CF, 的中点。追踪一个始终位于两个粒子正中间的第三点。当两个粒子位于 A,D;A,D; 时,它位于 XX;位于 F,C;F,C; 时,它位于 ZZ;位于 B,E.B,E. 时,它位于 YY

在这些时刻之间,两个粒子的位置都线性变化,所以它们的中点依次描出线段 XZ,ZY,YX.XZ,ZY,YX. 因此围成的轨迹是等边三角形 XYZ,XYZ,由对称性,它与 ABC.\triangle ABC. 有同一个中心 OO。因为 ZZ 是中线 CF,CF, 的中点,OZ=OCZC=23CF12CF=16CF, \begin{aligned} OZ&=OC-ZC \\ &=\dfrac23 CF-\dfrac12 CF \\ &=\dfrac16 CF, \end{aligned} OC=23CF.OC=\dfrac23 CF.

所以外接圆半径之比为 OZOC=14,\dfrac{OZ}{OC}=\dfrac14,面积之比为 (14)2=116.\left(\dfrac14\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{16}.

所以正确答案是 A

Let D,E,FD,E,F be the midpoints of BC,CA,AB,BC,CA,AB, respectively, and let X,Y,ZX,Y,Z be the midpoints of AD,BE,CF,AD,BE,CF, respectively. Track a third point halfway between the two particles. It is at XX when the particles are at A,D;A,D; at ZZ when they are at F,C;F,C; and at YY when they are at B,E.B,E.

Between these instants both particle positions vary linearly, so their midpoint traces the segments XZ,ZY,YX.XZ,ZY,YX. Thus the enclosed path is the equilateral triangle XYZ,XYZ, which by symmetry shares the center OO of ABC.\triangle ABC. Because ZZ is the midpoint of the median CF,CF, OZ=OCZC=23CF12CF=16CF, \begin{aligned} OZ&=OC-ZC \\ &=\dfrac23 CF-\dfrac12 CF \\ &=\dfrac16 CF, \end{aligned} while OC=23CF.OC=\dfrac23 CF.

So the ratio of circumradii is OZOC=14,\dfrac{OZ}{OC}=\dfrac14, and the area ratio is (14)2=116.\left(\dfrac14\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{16}.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

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