2007 AMC 12B 详解
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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。
1.
Isabella 的房子有 间卧室。每间卧室长 英尺、宽 英尺、高 英尺。Isabella 需要粉刷所有卧室的墙壁。每间卧室中门和窗占 平方英尺,这些部分不粉刷。需要粉刷多少平方英尺的墙壁?
Isabella’s house has bedrooms. Each bedroom is feet long, feet wide, and feet high. Isabella must paint the walls of all the bedrooms. Doorways and windows, which will not be painted, occupy square feet in each bedroom. How many square feet of walls must be painted?
小提示:
一个房间的四面墙形成一个高为 的环带,围绕着地面。
The four walls of a room form a band of height wrapping around the floor
大提示:
每间房需粉刷面积为(地面周长)(高)。
The painted area per room is (floor perimeter)(height)
解答:
每间卧室地面周长为 英尺。
所以一间卧室的墙面粉刷面积为 平方英尺。三间卧室共需粉刷 平方英尺。
所以正确答案是 E。
The perimeter of each bedroom floor is feet.
So the wall area in one bedroom is square feet. Across all three bedrooms, Isabella paints square feet.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
2.
一名大学生开小型车回家过周末,路程 英里,平均每加仑行驶 英里。返程时他开父母的 SUV,平均每加仑只能行驶 英里。往返全程平均每加仑行驶多少英里?
A college student drove his compact car miles home for the weekend and averaged miles per gallon. On the return trip the student drove his parents’ SUV and averaged only miles per gallon. What was the average gas mileage, in miles per gallon, for the round trip?
小提示:
平均油耗是总英里数除以总加仑数,而不是两个速率的平均。
Average mileage is total miles divided by total gallons, not the average of the two rates
大提示:
小车用 加仑,SUV 用 加仑。
The car uses gallons and the SUV uses gallons
解答:
去程用 加仑,返程用 加仑。
往返共 英里,用油 加仑,所以平均每加仑行驶的英里数为
所以正确答案是 B。
The trip home uses gallons, and the return trip uses gallons.
The round trip covers miles on gallons, so the average is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
3.
点 是 外接圆的圆心,如图所示,,,求 的度数。
The point is the center of the circle circumscribed about with and as shown. What is the degree measure of
小提示:
点 周围的三个圆心角之和为 。
The three central angles at add up to
大提示:
圆周角 等于圆心角 的一半。
The inscribed angle is half of the central angle
解答:
点 周围角和为 ,所以
由圆周角定理, 与圆心角 截同一弧 ,所以
所以正确答案是 D。
The angles around sum to so
By the inscribed angle theorem, subtends the same arc as the central angle so
Thus, the correct answer is D.
4.
在 Frank 水果市场, 根香蕉价格等于 个苹果, 个苹果价格等于 个橙子。多少个橙子的价格等于 根香蕉?
At Frank’s Fruit Market, bananas cost as much as apples, and apples cost as much as oranges. How many oranges cost as much as bananas?
小提示:
先把 根香蕉换算成等价的苹果数量。
First convert bananas into an equivalent number of apples
大提示:
再用 个苹果 个橙子换算成橙子。
Then convert those apples into oranges using apples oranges
解答:
因为 根香蕉价格等于 个苹果, 根香蕉价格等于 个苹果。
又因为 个苹果价格等于 个橙子, 个苹果价格等于 个橙子,所以 根香蕉等价于 个橙子。
所以正确答案是 B。
Since bananas cost as much as apples, bananas cost as much as apples.
Since apples cost as much as oranges, apples cost as much as oranges. Therefore bananas cost as much as oranges.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
5.
年 AMC 的计分方式为:每答对一题得 分,答错得 分,空题得 分。Sarah 看过 道题后,决定尝试前 题,最后 题留空。为了至少得到 分,她在前 题中至少要答对多少题?
The AMC contests will be scored by awarding points for each correct response, points for each incorrect response, and points for each problem left unanswered. After looking over the problems, Sarah has decided to attempt the first and leave the last unanswered. How many of the first problems must she solve correctly in order to score at least points?
小提示:
道空题已经贡献 分。
The unanswered problems already contribute points
大提示:
解 ,再把答对题数 向上取整。
Solve and round the number correct up to a whole number
解答:
三道空题给 分。
所以 Sarah 需要从答对题中得到至少 分。因为 她至少要答对 题,此时得分为 。
所以正确答案是 D。
The three unanswered problems give points.
So Sarah needs at least points from correct answers. Since she must solve at least problems correctly, which would give her points.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
6.
三角形 的边长为 、、。两只虫子同时从 出发,沿三角形边界以相同速度朝相反方向爬行。它们在点 相遇。求 。
Triangle has side lengths and Two bugs start simultaneously from and crawl along the sides of the triangle in opposite directions at the same speed. They meet at point What is
小提示:
两只虫子合起来走完整个周长,所以每只走了周长的一半。
Together the two bugs cover the whole perimeter, so each crawls half of it
大提示:
一只虫子走 ,距离为 。
One bug travels a distance of
解答:
周长为 ,因此每只虫子在相遇前走了 个长度单位。
沿 方向的虫子到达 时走了 ,该点在 上,且 ,所以 。
所以正确答案是 D。
The perimeter is so each bug crawls before they meet.
The bug going reaches on side having traveled Since we get
Thus, the correct answer is D.
7.
凸五边形 的所有边长相等,且 。求 的度数。
All sides of the convex pentagon are of equal length, and What is the degree measure of
小提示:
边 和两个直角说明 是正方形。
The sides and the two right angles make a square
大提示:
然后 是等边三角形,且 。
Then is equilateral, and
解答:
因为 且 ,四边形 是正方形,所以 ,且 等于公共边长。
又 ,所以 是等边三角形,。因此
所以正确答案是 E。
Because and quadrilateral is a square, so and equals the common side length.
Then so is equilateral and Therefore
Thus, the correct answer is E.
8.
Tom 的年龄为 岁,也等于他三个孩子年龄之和。 年前他的年龄是当时三个孩子年龄之和的两倍。求 。
Tom’s age is years, which is also the sum of the ages of his three children. His age years ago was twice the sum of their ages then. What is
小提示:
年前 Tom 是 岁;每个孩子也都少 岁。
years ago Tom was each child was years younger
大提示:
当时孩子总年龄为 ;列方程 。
The children then totaled set
解答:
年前 Tom 年龄为 。三个孩子每人少 岁,所以他们当时总年龄为 。
条件给出 因而 ,所以 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Tom’s age years ago was His three children were each years younger, so their ages then totaled
The condition gives so and
Thus, the correct answer is D.
9.
10.
一些男孩和女孩洗车,为去中国的班级旅行筹款。起初,女生占全组的 。不久后两名女生离开,两名男生加入,此时女生占全组的 。起初组里有多少名女生?
Some boys and girls are having a car wash to raise money for a class trip to China. Initially of the group are girls. Shortly thereafter two girls leave and two boys arrive, and then of the group are girls. How many girls were initially in the group?
小提示:
两人离开、两人加入,所以总人数不变。
Two leave and two arrive, so the group size stays the same
大提示:
离开的两名女生对应女生比例下降的 。
The two departing girls represent of the group
解答:
两名女生离开、两名男生加入,总人数不变,女生比例从 降到 。
下降的 就对应这两名女生,所以全组有 人,起初女生人数为 的 ,即 人。
所以正确答案是 C。
Since two girls leave while two boys arrive, the total group size is unchanged. The drop from to girls corresponds to the two girls who left.
So those two girls are of the group, meaning the group has people. The initial number of girls was of or
Thus, the correct answer is C.
11.
四边形 的角满足 。将 的度数四舍五入到最接近的整数,结果是多少?
The angles of quadrilateral satisfy What is the degree measure of rounded to the nearest whole number?
12.
一位老师给一个班考试,班上 是三年级学生, 是四年级学生。全班平均分为 。所有三年级学生得分相同,四年级学生平均分为 。每个三年级学生得了多少分?
A teacher gave a test to a class in which of the students are juniors and are seniors. The average score on the test was The juniors all received the same score, and the average score of the seniors was What score did each of the juniors receive on the test?
小提示:
假设班上有方便的 名学生: 名三年级和 名四年级。
Assume a convenient class of students: junior and seniors
大提示:
总分满足 。
Total points must satisfy
解答:
取班上有 名学生,则有 名三年级和 名四年级。
全班总分为 ,四年级学生贡献 。所以那名三年级学生的得分为
所以正确答案是 C。
Take a class of students, so there is junior and seniors.
The total of all scores is and the seniors contribute So the junior scored
Thus, the correct answer is C.
13.
一个交通灯不断重复以下周期:绿灯 秒,然后黄灯 秒,然后红灯 秒。Leah 随机选择一个三秒钟的时间段观察交通灯。在她观察期间灯变色的概率是多少?
A traffic light runs repeatedly through the following cycle: green for seconds, then yellow for seconds, and then red for seconds. Leah picks a random three-second time interval to watch the light. What is the probability that the color changes while she is watching?
小提示:
一个完整周期为 秒。
One full cycle lasts seconds
大提示:
只有当她的观察区间在某个变色时刻前 秒内开始时,她才会看到变色。
A change is seen only if her interval begins within seconds before one of the three color switches
解答:
周期长为 秒,每周期有三次变色。
Leah 看到变色当且仅当她的三秒观察区间在某次变色前的 秒内开始。共有 秒的有利开始时间,在 秒周期中概率为
所以正确答案是 D。
The cycle length is seconds, with three color changes per cycle.
Leah sees a change exactly when her three-second interval starts within the seconds before a switch. That gives favorable seconds out of a probability of
Thus, the correct answer is D.
14.
点 在等边 内。点 、、 分别是从 到 、、 的垂足。已知 、、,求 。
Point is inside equilateral Points and are the feet of the perpendiculars from to and respectively. Given that and what is
小提示:
把 分成 、、,垂线长度作为高。
Split into using the perpendiculars as heights
大提示:
三个面积和为 ,也等于 。
Their areas sum to which also equals
解答:
设 。连接 与各顶点,把三角形分成 、、,它们的面积分别为 、、。
这些面积总和为 ,必须等于等边三角形面积 。因此 得 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Let Joining to the vertices splits the triangle into and with areas and
Their total is which must equal the area of the equilateral triangle. So giving
Thus, the correct answer is D.
15.
等比级数 的和为 ,其中含 的奇次幂的项之和为 。求 。
The geometric series has a sum of and the terms involving odd powers of have a sum of What is
小提示:
偶次幂项之和为 。
The even-power terms sum to
大提示:
奇次幂级数是偶次幂级数的 倍,所以 。
The odd-power series is times the even-power series, so
解答:
奇次幂项为 ,即偶次幂项之和的 倍。偶次幂项之和为 。
因此 ,得 。又 ,
所以正确答案是 E。
The odd-power terms are that is, times the even-power terms. The even-power terms sum to
So giving Then and
Thus, the correct answer is E.
16.
正四面体的每个面涂成红、白、蓝三色之一。若两个涂色的全等四面体可以通过旋转使外观完全相同,则认为这两种涂色不可区分。共有多少种可区分的涂色?
Each face of a regular tetrahedron is painted either red, white, or blue. Two colorings are considered indistinguishable if two congruent tetrahedra with those colorings can be rotated so that their appearances are identical. How many distinguishable colorings are possible?
小提示:
四面体有 个旋转对称;使用 Burnside 引理。
The tetrahedron has rotational symmetries; apply Burnside’s lemma
大提示:
分别数恒等旋转、 个顶点旋转和 个边旋转固定的涂色。
Count colorings fixed by the identity, the vertex rotations, and the edge rotations
解答:
四面体旋转群有 个元素:恒等、 个绕顶点-对面轴的 阶旋转,以及 个绕对边中点轴的 阶旋转。
恒等固定全部 种涂色。每个顶点旋转固定一个面并轮换另外三个面,所以固定 种涂色;同样地,每个边旋转交换两对面,也固定 种。
由 Burnside 引理,可区分涂色数为
所以正确答案是 A。
The rotation group of the tetrahedron has elements: the identity, rotations of order about a vertex-face axis, and rotations of order about an edge-midpoint axis.
The identity fixes all colorings. Each vertex rotation fixes one face and cycles the other three, so it fixes colorings; likewise each edge rotation swaps two pairs of faces and fixes
By Burnside’s lemma the number of distinguishable colorings is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
17.
若 是非零整数, 是正数,且 则集合 的中位数是什么?
If is a nonzero integer and is a positive number such that what is the median of the set
小提示:
对所有 有 ,所以 。
Since for all we have
大提示:
若 ,检查 是否可能为非零整数。
Rule out by checking whether can be a nonzero integer
解答:
对所有 都有 ,所以 。若 ,则 ,不符合条件。若 ,则 ,因此 不可能是非零整数。
所以 ,从而 ,且 。排序为 ,所以中位数是 。
所以正确答案是 D。
For we have hence If then If then so could not be an integer.
Hence so and Thus and the middle value of the sorted set is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
18.
设 、、 是数字,且 。三位整数 位于某个正整数平方与下一个更大正整数平方之间三分之一处。整数 位于同两个平方之间三分之二处。求 。
Let and be digits with The three-digit integer lies one third of the way from the square of a positive integer to the square of the next larger integer. The integer lies two thirds of the way between the same two squares. What is
小提示:
设两个平方为 和 ;它们差为 。
Let the two squares be and their difference is
大提示:
两个位置相减得 。
Subtracting the two positions gives
解答:
设较小平方数为 ,较大平方数为 ,两者间隔为 。则
两式相减, ,所以 。因为 在区间中位置更靠后,所以 为正;又因为右边是奇数,所以 是奇数。若 ,则 ,且 不再是三位数。
因此 ,得到 。从 到 的三分之一与三分之二处分别为 和 ,所以 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Let the smaller square be so the larger is and the gap is Then
Subtracting, so Since is farther along the interval, is positive; and because the right side is odd, is odd. If then and is not three digits.
So giving The points one third and two thirds of the way from to are and so
Thus, the correct answer is C.
19.
菱形 的边长为 。把 与 粘在一起,卷成体积为 的圆柱。求 。
Rhombus with side length is rolled to form a cylinder of volume by taping to What is
小提示:
粘合 与 后,长度 的边成为底面圆周长,所以半径为 。
Taping to makes a side of length the base circumference, so the radius is
大提示:
圆柱高是菱形的高 ;令体积等于 。
The cylinder’s height is the rhombus altitude set the volume equal to
解答:
令 。底面圆周长为 ,所以半径为 。圆柱高为菱形的高 。
体积为 所以 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Let The base circle has circumference so its radius is The height of the cylinder is the rhombus altitude
The volume is so
Thus, the correct answer is A.
20.
由直线 、、、 围成的平行四边形面积为 。由直线 、、、 围成的平行四边形面积为 。已知 、、、 为正整数,求 的最小可能值。
The parallelogram bounded by the lines and has area The parallelogram bounded by the lines and has area Given that and are positive integers, what is the smallest possible value of
小提示:
第一个平行四边形面积为 ;第二个面积为 。
The first parallelogram has area the second has area
大提示:
相减得 ;然后用小的正整数最小化。
Subtracting gives then minimize with small positive integers
解答:
第一个平行四边形有两个顶点在 和 ,另外两个顶点的 -坐标为 。因此第一个平行四边形面积为 ,第二个为 。
于是 ,。两式相减得 ,即 。
因此 是偶数,取 时 最小;又 是 的倍数,取 时 最小。这些取值满足全部条件,于是 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Two vertices of the first parallelogram lie at and and the other two have -coordinates Its area works out to The same computation for the second gives
So and Subtracting, i.e.
Thus is even, so is smallest with and is a multiple of so is smallest with These satisfy all conditions, giving
Thus, the correct answer is D.
21.
前 个正整数都写成 进制。其中有多少个 进制表示是回文数?(回文数从前往后读与从后往前读相同。)
The first positive integers are each written in base How many of these base- representations are palindromes? (A palindrome is a number that reads the same forward and backward.)
小提示:
按 进制位数数回文数;注意 。
Count base- palindromes by their number of digits; note
大提示:
先数出最多 位的所有回文数,再去掉超过 的 位回文数。
Total all palindromes with up to digits, then remove the -digit ones exceeding
解答:
回文数由前半部分决定。按 进制位数计数,长度 或 的有 个,长度 或 的有 个,长度 或 的有 个,长度 的有 个。
最多七位的总数为 。在 位数中,因为 ,超过它的 位回文数为 、、、、、,共有 个。
因此答案为 。
所以正确答案是 A。
A palindrome is fixed by its first half. Counting base- palindromes by length gives of length or of length or of length or and of length
That totals palindromes with at most digits. Since the -digit palindromes larger than it are and which is of them.
Therefore the count is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
22.
两个粒子沿等边 的边按方向 同时同速运动。一个从 出发,另一个从 的中点出发。连接两个粒子的线段的中点所走路径围成区域 。求 的面积与 面积之比。
Two particles move along the edges of equilateral in the direction starting simultaneously and moving at the same speed. One starts at and the other starts at the midpoint of The midpoint of the line segment joining the two particles traces out a path that encloses a region What is the ratio of the area of to the area of
小提示:
因为两个粒子都作线性运动,中点在关键时刻之间也作线性运动;把它描出的三角形记为
Because both particles move linearly, the midpoint also moves linearly between key instants; call the traced triangle
大提示:
该三角形以重心 为中心;比较它的外接半径 与 。
That triangle is centered at the centroid compare its circumradius to
解答:
设 分别为 的中点,设 分别为 的中点。追踪一个始终位于两个粒子正中间的第三点:当两个粒子位于 时,它位于 ;当它们位于 时,它位于 ;当它们位于 时,它位于 。
在这些时刻之间,两个粒子的位置都线性变化,所以它们的中点依次描出线段 。因此围成的轨迹是等边三角形 ,由对称性,它与 有同一个中心 。因为 是中线 的中点,而 。
所以外接圆半径之比为 ,面积之比为 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Let be the midpoints of respectively, and let be the midpoints of respectively. Track a third point halfway between the two particles. It is at when the particles are at at when they are at and at when they are at
Between these instants both particle positions vary linearly, so their midpoint traces the segments Thus the enclosed path is the equilateral triangle which by symmetry shares the center of Because is the midpoint of the median while
So the ratio of circumradii is and the area ratio is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
23.
有多少个互不全等、直角边长为正整数的直角三角形,其面积的数值等于其周长的 倍?
How many non-congruent right triangles with positive integer leg lengths have areas that are numerically equal to times their perimeters?
小提示:
设直角边 ,写出 ,并把根式单独移到一边。
With legs write and isolate the radical
大提示:
平方并化简可得 ;数因数对并排除伪解。
Squaring and simplifying yields check the factor-pair candidates in the original equation to remove extraneous ones
解答:
设直角边为 。条件为 ,所以
平方并化简得到 ,所以 。正整数解为 ,,,,,,。
其中 是伪解:它的面积为 ,而它的周长为 ,周长的三倍是 。所以恰有 个三角形。
所以正确答案是 A。
Let the legs be The condition is so
Squaring and simplifying gives hence The positive integer solutions are
The pair is extraneous: its area is while its perimeter is and three times that is So exactly triangles work.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
24.
有多少对正整数 满足 ,并且 是整数?
How many pairs of positive integers are there such that and is an integer?
无限多个
infinitely many
小提示:
乘以 可知 是整数;由于 , 是 的倍数。
Clearing shows is an integer, and since is divisible by
大提示:
类似地 是 的倍数,所以 ,;检验互质对。
Similarly is divisible by so and test the coprime pairs
解答:
设表达式等于整数 。乘以 并减去 ,得 为整数。由于 ,可得 是 的倍数。另一方面,乘以 并减去 ,得 ,所以 是 的倍数。
因此 ,。检验互质候选,表达式为整数的只有 ,,,。
所以共有 对。
所以正确答案是 A。
Let be the integer value of the original expression. Multiplying by and subtracting gives an integer. Since it follows that is divisible by Multiplying instead by and subtracting gives so is divisible by
Thus and Checking the coprime candidates, the expression is an integer only for
So there are such pairs.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
25.
点 、、、、 位于 维空间中,满足 ,且 。 所在平面平行于 。求 的面积。
Points and are located in -dimensional space with and The plane of is parallel to What is the area of
小提示:
取 ,,并把 放在水平平面 中。
Place and put in a horizontal plane
大提示:
和 处的直角使 在半径为 的圆上;用 求 。
The right angles at and put on radius- circles; use to find
解答:
取 、,令 在平面 中。由于 和 为直角, 和 分别位于以 和 为圆心、半径为 的圆上;这两个圆所在的平面分别为 和 。因此 ,其中 。
因为 ,所以 ,这迫使 。取 ,,得 ,于是 ,,而 为 或 。
第一种情况下 且 ;第二种情况下 且 。无论哪种, 的两条垂直边长度分别为 和 ,面积为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Set and and let lie in the plane Because and are right angles, and lie on radius- circles centered at and in the planes and so with
Since which forces Taking gives so and is or
In the first case with in the second with Either way has legs and so its area is
Thus, the correct answer is C.