2007 AMC 12B 详解

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

Isabella 的房子有 33 间卧室。每间卧室长 1212 英尺、宽 1010 英尺、高 88 英尺。Isabella 需要粉刷所有卧室的墙壁。每间卧室中门和窗占 6060 平方英尺,这些部分不粉刷。需要粉刷多少平方英尺的墙壁?

Isabella’s house has 33 bedrooms. Each bedroom is 1212 feet long, 1010 feet wide, and 88 feet high. Isabella must paint the walls of all the bedrooms. Doorways and windows, which will not be painted, occupy 6060 square feet in each bedroom. How many square feet of walls must be painted?

678678

768768

786786

867867

876876

知识点:周长面积
难度评级:900
小提示:

一个房间的四面墙形成一个高为 88 的环带,围绕着地面。

The four walls of a room form a band of height 88 wrapping around the floor

大提示:

每间房需粉刷面积为(地面周长)×\times(高)60-60

The painted area per room is (floor perimeter)×\times(height)60-60

解答:

每间卧室地面周长为 2(12+10)=442(12+10)=44 英尺。

所以一间卧室的墙面粉刷面积为 44860=35260=29244\cdot8-60=352-60=292 平方英尺。三间卧室共需粉刷 3292=8763\cdot292=876 平方英尺。

所以正确答案是 E

The perimeter of each bedroom floor is 2(12+10)=442(12+10)=44 feet.

So the wall area in one bedroom is 44860=35260=29244\cdot8-60=352-60=292 square feet. Across all three bedrooms, Isabella paints 3292=8763\cdot292=876 square feet.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

2.

一名大学生开小型车回家过周末,路程 120120 英里,平均每加仑行驶 3030 英里。返程时他开父母的 SUV,平均每加仑只能行驶 2020 英里。往返全程平均每加仑行驶多少英里?

A college student drove his compact car 120120 miles home for the weekend and averaged 3030 miles per gallon. On the return trip the student drove his parents’ SUV and averaged only 2020 miles per gallon. What was the average gas mileage, in miles per gallon, for the round trip?

2222

2424

2525

2626

2828

难度评级:990
小提示:

平均油耗是总英里数除以总加仑数,而不是两个速率的平均。

Average mileage is total miles divided by total gallons, not the average of the two rates

大提示:

小车用 12030\frac{120}{30} 加仑,SUV 用 12020\frac{120}{20} 加仑。

The car uses 12030\frac{120}{30} gallons and the SUV uses 12020\frac{120}{20} gallons

解答:

去程用 12030=4\frac{120}{30}=4 加仑,返程用 12020=6\frac{120}{20}=6 加仑。

往返共 240240 英里,用油 1010 加仑,所以平均每加仑行驶的英里数为 24010=24 \dfrac{240}{10}=24\text{。}

所以正确答案是 B

The trip home uses 12030=4\frac{120}{30}=4 gallons, and the return trip uses 12020=6\frac{120}{20}=6 gallons.

The round trip covers 240240 miles on 1010 gallons, so the average is 24010=24. \dfrac{240}{10}=24.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

3.

OOABC\triangle ABC 外接圆的圆心,如图所示,BOC=120\angle BOC=120^\circAOB=140\angle AOB=140^\circ,求 ABC\angle ABC 的度数。

The point OO is the center of the circle circumscribed about ABC,\triangle ABC, with BOC=120\angle BOC=120^\circ and AOB=140,\angle AOB=140^\circ, as shown. What is the degree measure of ABC?\angle ABC?

3535

4040

4545

5050

6060

知识点:圆周角角度和
难度评级:1190
小提示:

OO 周围的三个圆心角之和为 360360^\circ

The three central angles at OO add up to 360360^\circ

大提示:

圆周角 ABC\angle ABC 等于圆心角 AOC\angle AOC 的一半。

The inscribed angle ABC\angle ABC is half of the central angle AOC\angle AOC

解答:

OO 周围角和为 360360^\circ,所以 AOC=360140120=100 \begin{aligned} \angle AOC&=360^\circ-140^\circ-120^\circ \\ &=100^\circ \end{aligned}\text{。}

由圆周角定理,ABC\angle ABC 与圆心角 AOC\angle AOC 截同一弧 ACAC,所以 ABC=12AOC=50 \angle ABC=\tfrac12\angle AOC=50^\circ\text{。}

所以正确答案是 D

The angles around OO sum to 360,360^\circ, so AOC=360140120=100. \begin{aligned} \angle AOC&=360^\circ-140^\circ-120^\circ \\ &=100^\circ. \end{aligned}

By the inscribed angle theorem, ABC\angle ABC subtends the same arc ACAC as the central angle AOC,\angle AOC, so ABC=12AOC=50. \angle ABC=\tfrac12\angle AOC=50^\circ.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

4.

在 Frank 水果市场,33 根香蕉价格等于 22 个苹果,66 个苹果价格等于 44 个橙子。多少个橙子的价格等于 1818 根香蕉?

At Frank’s Fruit Market, 33 bananas cost as much as 22 apples, and 66 apples cost as much as 44 oranges. How many oranges cost as much as 1818 bananas?

66

88

99

1212

1818

难度评级:1010
小提示:

先把 1818 根香蕉换算成等价的苹果数量。

First convert 1818 bananas into an equivalent number of apples

大提示:

再用 66 个苹果 =4=4 个橙子换算成橙子。

Then convert those apples into oranges using 66 apples =4=4 oranges

解答:

因为 33 根香蕉价格等于 22 个苹果,1818 根香蕉价格等于 1212 个苹果。

又因为 66 个苹果价格等于 44 个橙子,1212 个苹果价格等于 88 个橙子,所以 1818 根香蕉等价于 88 个橙子。

所以正确答案是 B

Since 33 bananas cost as much as 22 apples, 1818 bananas cost as much as 1212 apples.

Since 66 apples cost as much as 44 oranges, 1212 apples cost as much as 88 oranges. Therefore 1818 bananas cost as much as 88 oranges.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

5.

20072007 年 AMC 1212 的计分方式为:每答对一题得 66 分,答错得 00 分,空题得 1.51.5 分。Sarah 看过 2525 道题后,决定尝试前 2222 题,最后 33 题留空。为了至少得到 100100 分,她在前 2222 题中至少要答对多少题?

The 20072007 AMC 1212 contests will be scored by awarding 66 points for each correct response, 00 points for each incorrect response, and 1.51.5 points for each problem left unanswered. After looking over the 2525 problems, Sarah has decided to attempt the first 2222 and leave the last 33 unanswered. How many of the first 2222 problems must she solve correctly in order to score at least 100100 points?

1313

1414

1515

1616

1717

知识点:不等式
难度评级:1120
小提示:

33 道空题已经贡献 31.53\cdot1.5 分。

The 33 unanswered problems already contribute 31.53\cdot1.5 points

大提示:

6x1004.56x\ge100-4.5,再把答对题数 xx 向上取整。

Solve 6x1004.56x\ge100-4.5 and round the number correct xx up to a whole number

解答:

三道空题给 31.5=4.53\cdot1.5=4.5 分。

所以 Sarah 需要从答对题中得到至少 1004.5=95.5100-4.5=95.5 分。因为 15<95.56<16 15\lt\dfrac{95.5}{6}\lt16\text{,} 她至少要答对 1616 题,此时得分为 166+4.5=100.516\cdot6+4.5=100.5

所以正确答案是 D

The three unanswered problems give 31.5=4.53\cdot1.5=4.5 points.

So Sarah needs at least 1004.5=95.5100-4.5=95.5 points from correct answers. Since 15<95.56<16, 15\lt\dfrac{95.5}{6}\lt16, she must solve at least 1616 problems correctly, which would give her 166+4.5=100.516\cdot6+4.5=100.5 points.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

6.

三角形 ABCABC 的边长为 AB=5AB=5BC=6BC=6AC=7AC=7。两只虫子同时从 AA 出发,沿三角形边界以相同速度朝相反方向爬行。它们在点 DD 相遇。求 BDBD

Triangle ABCABC has side lengths AB=5,AB=5, BC=6,BC=6, and AC=7.AC=7. Two bugs start simultaneously from AA and crawl along the sides of the triangle in opposite directions at the same speed. They meet at point D.D. What is BD?BD?

11

22

33

44

55

知识点:相对速度周长
难度评级:1080
小提示:

两只虫子合起来走完整个周长,所以每只走了周长的一半。

Together the two bugs cover the whole perimeter, so each crawls half of it

大提示:

一只虫子走 ABDA\to B\to D,距离为 AB+BDAB+BD

One bug travels ABD,A\to B\to D, a distance of AB+BDAB+BD

解答:

周长为 5+6+7=185+6+7=18,因此每只虫子在相遇前走了 99 个长度单位。

沿 ABCA\to B\to C 方向的虫子到达 DD 时走了 AB+BD=9AB+BD=9,该点在 BCBC 上,且 AB=5AB=5,所以 BD=4BD=4

所以正确答案是 D

The perimeter is 5+6+7=18,5+6+7=18, so each bug crawls 99 before they meet.

The bug going ABCA\to B\to C reaches DD on side BC,BC, having traveled AB+BD=9.AB+BD=9. Since AB=5,AB=5, we get BD=4.BD=4.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

7.

凸五边形 ABCDEABCDE 的所有边长相等,且 A=B=90\angle A=\angle B=90^\circ。求 E\angle E 的度数。

All sides of the convex pentagon ABCDEABCDE are of equal length, and A=B=90.\angle A=\angle B=90^\circ. What is the degree measure of E?\angle E?

9090

108108

120120

144144

150150

难度评级:1330
小提示:

AB,BC,EAAB,BC,EA 和两个直角说明 ABCEABCE 是正方形。

The sides AB,BC,EAAB,BC,EA and the two right angles make ABCEABCE a square

大提示:

然后 CDE\triangle CDE 是等边三角形,且 E=AEC+CED\angle E=\angle AEC+\angle CED

Then CDE\triangle CDE is equilateral, and E=AEC+CED\angle E=\angle AEC+\angle CED

解答:

因为 AB=BC=EAAB=BC=EAA=B=90\angle A=\angle B=90^\circ,四边形 ABCEABCE 是正方形,所以 AEC=90\angle AEC=90^\circ,且 ECEC 等于公共边长。

CD=DE=ECCD=DE=EC,所以 CDE\triangle CDE 是等边三角形,CED=60\angle CED=60^\circ。因此 E=AEC+CED=90+60=150 \begin{aligned} \angle E&=\angle AEC+\angle CED \\ &=90^\circ+60^\circ \\ &=150^\circ \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 E

Because AB=BC=EAAB=BC=EA and A=B=90,\angle A=\angle B=90^\circ, quadrilateral ABCEABCE is a square, so AEC=90\angle AEC=90^\circ and ECEC equals the common side length.

Then CD=DE=EC,CD=DE=EC, so CDE\triangle CDE is equilateral and CED=60.\angle CED=60^\circ. Therefore E=AEC+CED=90+60=150. \begin{aligned} \angle E&=\angle AEC+\angle CED \\ &=90^\circ+60^\circ \\ &=150^\circ. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is E.

8.

Tom 的年龄为 TT 岁,也等于他三个孩子年龄之和。NN 年前他的年龄是当时三个孩子年龄之和的两倍。求 TN\frac{T}{N}

Tom’s age is TT years, which is also the sum of the ages of his three children. His age NN years ago was twice the sum of their ages then. What is TN?\frac{T}{N}?

22

33

44

55

66

难度评级:1290
小提示:

NN 年前 Tom 是 TNT-N 岁;每个孩子也都少 NN 岁。

NN years ago Tom was TN;T-N; each child was NN years younger

大提示:

当时孩子总年龄为 T3NT-3N;列方程 TN=2(T3N)T-N=2(T-3N)

The children then totaled T3N;T-3N; set TN=2(T3N)T-N=2(T-3N)

解答:

NN 年前 Tom 年龄为 TNT-N。三个孩子每人少 NN 岁,所以他们当时总年龄为 T3NT-3N

条件给出 TN=2(T3N) T-N=2(T-3N)\text{,} 因而 5N=T5N=T,所以 TN=5\frac{T}{N}=5

所以正确答案是 D

Tom’s age NN years ago was TN.T-N. His three children were each NN years younger, so their ages then totaled T3N.T-3N.

The condition gives TN=2(T3N), T-N=2(T-3N), so 5N=T5N=T and TN=5.\frac{T}{N}=5.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

9.

函数 ff 对所有实数 xx 都满足 f(3x1)=x2+x+1f(3x-1)=x^2+x+1。求 f(5)f(5)

A function ff has the property that f(3x1)=x2+x+1f(3x-1)=x^2+x+1 for all real numbers x.x. What is f(5)?f(5)?

77

1313

3131

111111

211211

知识点:函数换元法
难度评级:1200
小提示:

选取 xx,使 3x1=53x-1=5

Pick xx so that 3x1=53x-1=5

大提示:

对这个 xx,计算 x2+x+1x^2+x+1

With that x,x, compute x2+x+1x^2+x+1

解答:

3x1=53x-1=5,得 x=2x=2

于是 f(5)=22+2+1=7 f(5)=2^2+2+1=7\text{。}

所以正确答案是 A

Setting 3x1=53x-1=5 gives x=2.x=2.

Then f(5)=22+2+1=7. f(5)=2^2+2+1=7.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

10.

一些男孩和女孩洗车,为去中国的班级旅行筹款。起初,女生占全组的 40%40\%。不久后两名女生离开,两名男生加入,此时女生占全组的 30%30\%。起初组里有多少名女生?

Some boys and girls are having a car wash to raise money for a class trip to China. Initially 40%40\% of the group are girls. Shortly thereafter two girls leave and two boys arrive, and then 30%30\% of the group are girls. How many girls were initially in the group?

44

66

88

1010

1212

知识点:百分数不变量
难度评级:1330
小提示:

两人离开、两人加入,所以总人数不变。

Two leave and two arrive, so the group size stays the same

大提示:

离开的两名女生对应女生比例下降的 40%30%=10%40\%-30\%=10\%

The two departing girls represent 40%30%=10%40\%-30\%=10\% of the group

解答:

两名女生离开、两名男生加入,总人数不变,女生比例从 40%40\% 降到 30%30\%

下降的 10%10\% 就对应这两名女生,所以全组有 2020 人,起初女生人数为 202040%40\%,即 88 人。

所以正确答案是 C

Since two girls leave while two boys arrive, the total group size is unchanged. The drop from 40%40\% to 30%30\% girls corresponds to the two girls who left.

So those two girls are 10%10\% of the group, meaning the group has 2020 people. The initial number of girls was 40%40\% of 20,20, or 8.8.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

11.

四边形 ABCDABCD 的角满足 A=2B=3C=4D\angle A=2\angle B=3\angle C=4\angle D。将 A\angle A 的度数四舍五入到最接近的整数,结果是多少?

The angles of quadrilateral ABCDABCD satisfy A=2B=3C=4D.\angle A=2\angle B=3\angle C=4\angle D. What is the degree measure of A,\angle A, rounded to the nearest whole number?

125125

144144

153153

173173

180180

难度评级:1270
小提示:

x=Ax=\angle A,则 B=x2\angle B=\tfrac x2C=x3\angle C=\tfrac x3D=x4\angle D=\tfrac x4

Let x=A;x=\angle A; then B=x2,\angle B=\tfrac x2, C=x3,\angle C=\tfrac x3, D=x4\angle D=\tfrac x4

大提示:

四边形四个角之和为 360360^\circ

The four angles of a quadrilateral sum to 360360^\circ

解答:

x=Ax=\angle A,则 B=x2\angle B=\tfrac x2C=x3\angle C=\tfrac x3D=x4\angle D=\tfrac x4

角和给出 x+x2+x3+x4=25x12=360 x+\dfrac x2+\dfrac x3+\dfrac x4=\dfrac{25x}{12}=360\text{,} 所以 x=1236025=172.8173x=\dfrac{12\cdot360}{25}=172.8\approx173

所以正确答案是 D

Let x=A.x=\angle A. Then B=x2,\angle B=\tfrac x2, C=x3,\angle C=\tfrac x3, and D=x4.\angle D=\tfrac x4.

The angle sum gives x+x2+x3+x4=25x12=360, x+\dfrac x2+\dfrac x3+\dfrac x4=\dfrac{25x}{12}=360, so x=1236025=172.8173.x=\dfrac{12\cdot360}{25}=172.8\approx173.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

12.

一位老师给一个班考试,班上 10%10\% 是三年级学生,90%90\% 是四年级学生。全班平均分为 8484。所有三年级学生得分相同,四年级学生平均分为 8383。每个三年级学生得了多少分?

A teacher gave a test to a class in which 10%10\% of the students are juniors and 90%90\% are seniors. The average score on the test was 84.84. The juniors all received the same score, and the average score of the seniors was 83.83. What score did each of the juniors receive on the test?

8585

8888

9393

9494

9898

知识点:平均数百分数
难度评级:1330
小提示:

假设班上有方便的 1010 名学生:11 名三年级和 99 名四年级。

Assume a convenient class of 1010 students: 11 junior and 99 seniors

大提示:

总分满足 1084=983+s10\cdot84=9\cdot83+s

Total points must satisfy 1084=983+s10\cdot84=9\cdot83+s

解答:

取班上有 1010 名学生,则有 11 名三年级和 99 名四年级。

全班总分为 1084=84010\cdot84=840,四年级学生贡献 983=7479\cdot83=747。所以那名三年级学生的得分为 840747=93 840-747=93\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

Take a class of 1010 students, so there is 11 junior and 99 seniors.

The total of all scores is 1084=840,10\cdot84=840, and the seniors contribute 983=747.9\cdot83=747. So the junior scored 840747=93. 840-747=93.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

13.

一个交通灯不断重复以下周期:绿灯 3030 秒,然后黄灯 33 秒,然后红灯 3030 秒。Leah 随机选择一个三秒钟的时间段观察交通灯。在她观察期间灯变色的概率是多少?

A traffic light runs repeatedly through the following cycle: green for 3030 seconds, then yellow for 33 seconds, and then red for 3030 seconds. Leah picks a random three-second time interval to watch the light. What is the probability that the color changes while she is watching?

163\dfrac{1}{63}

121\dfrac{1}{21}

110\dfrac{1}{10}

17\dfrac{1}{7}

13\dfrac{1}{3}

知识点:几何概率
难度评级:1410
小提示:

一个完整周期为 30+3+30=6330+3+30=63 秒。

One full cycle lasts 30+3+30=6330+3+30=63 seconds

大提示:

只有当她的观察区间在某个变色时刻前 33 秒内开始时,她才会看到变色。

A change is seen only if her interval begins within 33 seconds before one of the three color switches

解答:

周期长为 30+3+30=6330+3+30=63 秒,每周期有三次变色。

Leah 看到变色当且仅当她的三秒观察区间在某次变色前的 33 秒内开始。共有 33=93\cdot3=9 秒的有利开始时间,在 6363 秒周期中概率为 963=17 \dfrac{9}{63}=\dfrac17\text{。}

所以正确答案是 D

The cycle length is 30+3+30=6330+3+30=63 seconds, with three color changes per cycle.

Leah sees a change exactly when her three-second interval starts within the 33 seconds before a switch. That gives 33=93\cdot3=9 favorable seconds out of 63,63, a probability of 963=17. \dfrac{9}{63}=\dfrac17.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

14.

PP 在等边 ABC\triangle ABC 内。点 QQRRSS 分别是从 PPAB\overline{AB}BC\overline{BC}CA\overline{CA} 的垂足。已知 PQ=1PQ=1PR=2PR=2PS=3PS=3,求 ABAB

Point PP is inside equilateral ABC.\triangle ABC. Points Q,Q, R,R, and SS are the feet of the perpendiculars from PP to AB,\overline{AB}, BC,\overline{BC}, and CA,\overline{CA}, respectively. Given that PQ=1,PQ=1, PR=2,PR=2, and PS=3,PS=3, what is AB?AB?

44

333\sqrt{3}

66

434\sqrt{3}

99

难度评级:1680
小提示:

ABC\triangle ABC 分成 PAB\triangle PABPBC\triangle PBCPCA\triangle PCA,垂线长度作为高。

Split ABC\triangle ABC into PAB,\triangle PAB, PBC,\triangle PBC, PCA,\triangle PCA, using the perpendiculars as heights

大提示:

三个面积和为 12s(1+2+3)\tfrac12 s(1+2+3),也等于 34s2\tfrac{\sqrt3}{4}s^2

Their areas sum to 12s(1+2+3),\tfrac12 s(1+2+3), which also equals 34s2\tfrac{\sqrt3}{4}s^2

解答:

s=ABs=AB。连接 PP 与各顶点,把三角形分成 PAB\triangle PABPBC\triangle PBCPCA\triangle PCA,它们的面积分别为 s2\tfrac{s}{2}ss3s2\tfrac{3s}{2}

这些面积总和为 3s3s,必须等于等边三角形面积 34s2\tfrac{\sqrt3}{4}s^2。因此 3s=34s2 3s=\dfrac{\sqrt3}{4}s^2\text{,} s=123=43s=\dfrac{12}{\sqrt3}=4\sqrt3

所以正确答案是 D

Let s=AB.s=AB. Joining PP to the vertices splits the triangle into PAB,\triangle PAB, PBC,\triangle PBC, and PCA,\triangle PCA, with areas s2,\tfrac{s}{2}, s,s, and 3s2.\tfrac{3s}{2}.

Their total is 3s,3s, which must equal the area 34s2\tfrac{\sqrt3}{4}s^2 of the equilateral triangle. So 3s=34s2, 3s=\dfrac{\sqrt3}{4}s^2, giving s=123=43.s=\dfrac{12}{\sqrt3}=4\sqrt3.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

15.

等比级数 a+ar+ar2+a+ar+ar^2+\cdots 的和为 77,其中含 rr 的奇次幂的项之和为 33。求 a+ra+r

The geometric series a+ar+ar2+a+ar+ar^2+\cdots has a sum of 7,7, and the terms involving odd powers of rr have a sum of 3.3. What is a+r?a+r?

43\dfrac{4}{3}

127\dfrac{12}{7}

32\dfrac{3}{2}

73\dfrac{7}{3}

52\dfrac{5}{2}

知识点:等比数列
难度评级:1580
小提示:

偶次幂项之和为 73=47-3=4

The even-power terms sum to 73=47-3=4

大提示:

奇次幂级数是偶次幂级数的 rr 倍,所以 3=r43=r\cdot4

The odd-power series is rr times the even-power series, so 3=r43=r\cdot4

解答:

奇次幂项为 ar+ar3+ar+ar^3+\cdots =r(a+ar2+)=r(a+ar^2+\cdots),即偶次幂项之和的 rr 倍。偶次幂项之和为 73=47-3=4

因此 3=4r3=4r,得 r=34r=\tfrac34。又 a=7(1r)=74a=7(1-r)=\tfrac74a+r=74+34=52 a+r=\dfrac74+\dfrac34=\dfrac52\text{。}

所以正确答案是 E

The odd-power terms are ar+ar3+ar+ar^3+\cdots =r(a+ar2+),=r(a+ar^2+\cdots), that is, rr times the even-power terms. The even-power terms sum to 73=4.7-3=4.

So 3=4r,3=4r, giving r=34.r=\tfrac34. Then a=7(1r)=74,a=7(1-r)=\tfrac74, and a+r=74+34=52. a+r=\dfrac74+\dfrac34=\dfrac52.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

16.

正四面体的每个面涂成红、白、蓝三色之一。若两个涂色的全等四面体可以通过旋转使外观完全相同,则认为这两种涂色不可区分。共有多少种可区分的涂色?

Each face of a regular tetrahedron is painted either red, white, or blue. Two colorings are considered indistinguishable if two congruent tetrahedra with those colorings can be rotated so that their appearances are identical. How many distinguishable colorings are possible?

1515

1818

2727

5454

8181

难度评级:2000
小提示:

四面体有 1212 个旋转对称;使用 Burnside 引理。

The tetrahedron has 1212 rotational symmetries; apply Burnside’s lemma

大提示:

分别数恒等旋转、88 个顶点旋转和 33 个边旋转固定的涂色。

Count colorings fixed by the identity, the 88 vertex rotations, and the 33 edge rotations

解答:

四面体旋转群有 1212 个元素:恒等、88 个绕顶点-对面轴的 33 阶旋转,以及 33 个绕对边中点轴的 22 阶旋转。

恒等固定全部 34=813^4=81 种涂色。每个顶点旋转固定一个面并轮换另外三个面,所以固定 32=93^2=9 种涂色;同样地,每个边旋转交换两对面,也固定 32=93^2=9 种。

由 Burnside 引理,可区分涂色数为 81+89+3912=18012=15 \dfrac{81+8\cdot9+3\cdot9}{12}=\dfrac{180}{12}=15\text{。}

所以正确答案是 A

The rotation group of the tetrahedron has 1212 elements: the identity, 88 rotations of order 33 about a vertex-face axis, and 33 rotations of order 22 about an edge-midpoint axis.

The identity fixes all 34=813^4=81 colorings. Each vertex rotation fixes one face and cycles the other three, so it fixes 32=93^2=9 colorings; likewise each edge rotation swaps two pairs of faces and fixes 32=9.3^2=9.

By Burnside’s lemma the number of distinguishable colorings is 81+89+3912=18012=15. \dfrac{81+8\cdot9+3\cdot9}{12}=\dfrac{180}{12}=15.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

17.

aa 是非零整数,bb 是正数,且 ab2=log10bab^2=\log_{10}b 则集合 {0,1,a,b,1b}\{0,1,a,b,\frac{1}{b}\} 的中位数是什么?

If aa is a nonzero integer and bb is a positive number such that ab2=log10b,ab^2=\log_{10}b, what is the median of the set {0,1,a,b,1b}?\{0,1,a,b,\frac{1}{b}\}?

00

11

aa

bb

1b\dfrac{1}{b}

难度评级:2060
小提示:

对所有 b>0b\gt0b<10bb\lt10^b,所以 log10b<b\log_{10}b\lt b

Since b<10bb\lt10^b for all b>0,b\gt0, we have log10b<b\log_{10}b\lt b

大提示:

b1b\ge1,检查 a=log10bb2a=\dfrac{\log_{10}b}{b^2} 是否可能为非零整数。

Rule out b1b\ge1 by checking whether a=log10bb2a=\dfrac{\log_{10}b}{b^2} can be a nonzero integer

解答:

对所有 b>0b\gt0 都有 b<10bb\lt10^b,所以 log10b<b\log_{10}b\lt b。若 b=1b=1,则 a=0a=0,不符合条件。若 b>1b\gt1,则 0<log10bb2<10\lt\dfrac{\log_{10}b}{b^2}\lt1,因此 aa 不可能是非零整数。

所以 0<b<10\lt b\lt1,从而 log10b<0\log_{10}b\lt0,且 a=log10bb2<0a=\dfrac{\log_{10}b}{b^2}\lt0。排序为 a<0<b<1<1ba\lt0\lt b\lt1\lt\dfrac1b,所以中位数是 bb

所以正确答案是 D

For b>0,b\gt0, we have b<10b,b\lt10^b, hence log10b<b.\log_{10}b\lt b. If b=1,b=1, then a=0.a=0. If b>1,b\gt1, then 0<log10bb2<1,0\lt\dfrac{\log_{10}b}{b^2}\lt1, so aa could not be an integer.

Hence 0<b<1,0\lt b\lt1, so log10b<0\log_{10}b\lt0 and a=log10bb2<0.a=\dfrac{\log_{10}b}{b^2}\lt0. Thus a<0<b<1<1b,a\lt0\lt b\lt1\lt\dfrac1b, and the middle value of the sorted set is b.b.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

18.

aabbcc 是数字,且 a0a\ne0。三位整数 abc\overline{abc} 位于某个正整数平方与下一个更大正整数平方之间三分之一处。整数 acb\overline{acb} 位于同两个平方之间三分之二处。求 a+b+ca+b+c

Let a,a, b,b, and cc be digits with a0.a\ne0. The three-digit integer abc\overline{abc} lies one third of the way from the square of a positive integer to the square of the next larger integer. The integer acb\overline{acb} lies two thirds of the way between the same two squares. What is a+b+c?a+b+c?

1010

1313

1616

1818

2121

难度评级:1930
小提示:

设两个平方为 N2N^2(N+1)2(N+1)^2;它们差为 2N+12N+1

Let the two squares be N2N^2 and (N+1)2;(N+1)^2; their difference is 2N+12N+1

大提示:

两个位置相减得 acbabc=9(cb)=2N+13\overline{acb}-\overline{abc}=9(c-b)=\tfrac{2N+1}{3}

Subtracting the two positions gives acbabc=9(cb)=2N+13\overline{acb}-\overline{abc}=9(c-b)=\tfrac{2N+1}{3}

解答:

设较小平方数为 N2N^2,较大平方数为 (N+1)2(N+1)^2,两者间隔为 2N+12N+1。则 abc=N2+2N+13 \overline{abc}=N^2+\dfrac{2N+1}{3}\text{,}acb=N2+2(2N+1)3 \overline{acb}=N^2+\dfrac{2(2N+1)}{3}\text{。}

两式相减,acbabc=9(cb)\overline{acb}-\overline{abc}=9(c-b) =2N+13=\dfrac{2N+1}{3},所以 27(cb)=2N+127(c-b)=2N+1。因为 acb\overline{acb} 在区间中位置更靠后,所以 cbc-b 为正;又因为右边是奇数,所以 cbc-b 是奇数。若 cb3c-b\ge3,则 N40N\ge40,且 N2N^2 不再是三位数。

因此 cb=1c-b=1,得到 N=13N=13。从 132=16913^2=169142=19614^2=196 的三分之一与三分之二处分别为 178178187187,所以 a+b+c=1+7+8=16a+b+c=1+7+8=16

所以正确答案是 C

Let the smaller square be N2,N^2, so the larger is (N+1)2(N+1)^2 and the gap is 2N+1.2N+1. Then abc=N2+2N+13, \overline{abc}=N^2+\dfrac{2N+1}{3}, acb=N2+2(2N+1)3. \overline{acb}=N^2+\dfrac{2(2N+1)}{3}.

Subtracting, acbabc=9(cb)\overline{acb}-\overline{abc}=9(c-b) =2N+13,=\dfrac{2N+1}{3}, so 27(cb)=2N+1.27(c-b)=2N+1. Since acb\overline{acb} is farther along the interval, cbc-b is positive; and because the right side is odd, cbc-b is odd. If cb3,c-b\ge3, then N40N\ge40 and N2N^2 is not three digits.

So cb=1,c-b=1, giving N=13.N=13. The points one third and two thirds of the way from 132=16913^2=169 to 142=19614^2=196 are 178178 and 187,187, so a+b+c=1+7+8=16.a+b+c=1+7+8=16.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

19.

菱形 ABCDABCD 的边长为 66。把 AB\overline{AB}DC\overline{DC} 粘在一起,卷成体积为 66 的圆柱。求 sin(ABC)\sin(\angle ABC)

Rhombus ABCD,ABCD, with side length 6,6, is rolled to form a cylinder of volume 66 by taping AB\overline{AB} to DC.\overline{DC}. What is sin(ABC)?\sin(\angle ABC)?

π9\dfrac{\pi}{9}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

π6\dfrac{\pi}{6}

π4\dfrac{\pi}{4}

32\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}

难度评级:1830
小提示:

粘合 AB\overline{AB}DC\overline{DC} 后,长度 66 的边成为底面圆周长,所以半径为 3π\frac{3}{\pi}

Taping AB\overline{AB} to DC\overline{DC} makes a side of length 66 the base circumference, so the radius is 3π\frac{3}{\pi}

大提示:

圆柱高是菱形的高 6sinθ6\sin\theta;令体积等于 66

The cylinder’s height is the rhombus altitude 6sinθ;6\sin\theta; set the volume equal to 66

解答:

θ=ABC\theta=\angle ABC。底面圆周长为 66,所以半径为 62π=3π\dfrac{6}{2\pi}=\dfrac3\pi。圆柱高为菱形的高 6sinθ6\sin\theta

体积为 π(3π)2(6sinθ)=54πsinθ=6 \pi\left(\dfrac3\pi\right)^2(6\sin\theta)=\dfrac{54}{\pi}\sin\theta=6\text{,} 所以 sinθ=π9\sin\theta=\dfrac{\pi}{9}

所以正确答案是 A

Let θ=ABC.\theta=\angle ABC. The base circle has circumference 6,6, so its radius is 62π=3π.\dfrac{6}{2\pi}=\dfrac3\pi. The height of the cylinder is the rhombus altitude 6sinθ.6\sin\theta.

The volume is π(3π)2(6sinθ)=54πsinθ=6, \pi\left(\dfrac3\pi\right)^2(6\sin\theta)=\dfrac{54}{\pi}\sin\theta=6, so sinθ=π9.\sin\theta=\dfrac{\pi}{9}.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

20.

由直线 y=ax+cy=ax+cy=ax+dy=ax+dy=bx+cy=bx+cy=bx+dy=bx+d 围成的平行四边形面积为 1818。由直线 y=ax+cy=ax+cy=axdy=ax-dy=bx+cy=bx+cy=bxdy=bx-d 围成的平行四边形面积为 7272。已知 aabbccdd 为正整数,求 a+b+c+da+b+c+d 的最小可能值。

The parallelogram bounded by the lines y=ax+c,y=ax+c, y=ax+d,y=ax+d, y=bx+c,y=bx+c, and y=bx+dy=bx+d has area 18.18. The parallelogram bounded by the lines y=ax+c,y=ax+c, y=axd,y=ax-d, y=bx+c,y=bx+c, and y=bxdy=bx-d has area 72.72. Given that a,a, b,b, c,c, and dd are positive integers, what is the smallest possible value of a+b+c+d?a+b+c+d?

1313

1414

1515

1616

1717

难度评级:2040
小提示:

第一个平行四边形面积为 (cd)2ba\dfrac{(c-d)^2}{|b-a|};第二个面积为 (c+d)2ba\dfrac{(c+d)^2}{|b-a|}

The first parallelogram has area (cd)2ba;\dfrac{(c-d)^2}{|b-a|}; the second has area (c+d)2ba\dfrac{(c+d)^2}{|b-a|}

大提示:

相减得 4cd=54ba4cd=54|b-a|;然后用小的正整数最小化。

Subtracting gives 4cd=54ba;4cd=54|b-a|; then minimize with small positive integers

解答:

第一个平行四边形有两个顶点在 (0,c)(0,c)(0,d)(0,d),另外两个顶点的 xx-坐标为 ±cdba\pm\dfrac{c-d}{b-a}。因此第一个平行四边形面积为 (cd)2ba=18\dfrac{(c-d)^2}{|b-a|}=18,第二个为 (c+d)2ba=72\dfrac{(c+d)^2}{|b-a|}=72

于是 (cd)2=18ba(c-d)^2=18|b-a|(c+d)2=72ba(c+d)^2=72|b-a|。两式相减得 4cd=54ba4cd=54|b-a|,即 2cd=27ba2cd=27|b-a|

因此 ba|b-a| 是偶数,取 {a,b}={1,3}\{a,b\}=\{1,3\}a+ba+b 最小;又 cdcd2727 的倍数,取 {c,d}={3,9}\{c,d\}=\{3,9\}c+dc+d 最小。这些取值满足全部条件,于是 a+b+c+d=1+3+3+9a+b+c+d=1+3+3+9 =16=16

所以正确答案是 D

Two vertices of the first parallelogram lie at (0,c)(0,c) and (0,d),(0,d), and the other two have xx-coordinates ±cdba.\pm\dfrac{c-d}{b-a}. Its area works out to (cd)2ba=18.\dfrac{(c-d)^2}{|b-a|}=18. The same computation for the second gives (c+d)2ba=72.\dfrac{(c+d)^2}{|b-a|}=72.

So (cd)2=18ba(c-d)^2=18|b-a| and (c+d)2=72ba.(c+d)^2=72|b-a|. Subtracting, 4cd=54ba,4cd=54|b-a|, i.e. 2cd=27ba.2cd=27|b-a|.

Thus ba|b-a| is even, so a+ba+b is smallest with {a,b}={1,3};\{a,b\}=\{1,3\}; and cdcd is a multiple of 27,27, so c+dc+d is smallest with {c,d}={3,9}.\{c,d\}=\{3,9\}. These satisfy all conditions, giving a+b+c+d=1+3+3+9a+b+c+d=1+3+3+9 =16.=16.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

21.

20072007 个正整数都写成 33 进制。其中有多少个 33 进制表示是回文数?(回文数从前往后读与从后往前读相同。)

The first 20072007 positive integers are each written in base 3.3. How many of these base-33 representations are palindromes? (A palindrome is a number that reads the same forward and backward.)

100100

101101

102102

103103

104104

难度评级:2100
小提示:

33 进制位数数回文数;注意 36=729<2007<2187=373^6=729\lt2007\lt2187=3^7

Count base-33 palindromes by their number of digits; note 36=729<2007<2187=373^6=729\lt2007\lt2187=3^7

大提示:

先数出最多 77 位的所有回文数,再去掉超过 2007=220210032007=2202100_377 位回文数。

Total all palindromes with up to 77 digits, then remove the 77-digit ones exceeding 2007=220210032007=2202100_3

解答:

回文数由前半部分决定。按 33 进制位数计数,长度 1122 的有 22 个,长度 3344 的有 66 个,长度 5566 的有 1818 个,长度 77 的有 5454 个。

最多七位的总数为 2+2+6+6+18+182+2+6+6+18+18 +54=106+54=106。在 77 位数中,因为 2007=220210032007=2202100_3,超过它的 77 位回文数为 221012222101222211122221112222121222212122222022222202222221222222122222222222222222,共有 66 个。

因此答案为 1066=100106-6=100

所以正确答案是 A

A palindrome is fixed by its first half. Counting base-33 palindromes by length gives 22 of length 11 or 2,2, 66 of length 33 or 4,4, 1818 of length 55 or 6,6, and 5454 of length 7.7.

That totals 2+2+6+6+18+182+2+6+6+18+18 +54=106+54=106 palindromes with at most 77 digits. Since 2007=22021003,2007=2202100_3, the 77-digit palindromes larger than it are 2210122,2210122, 2211122,2211122, 2212122,2212122, 2220222,2220222, 2221222,2221222, and 2222222,2222222, which is 66 of them.

Therefore the count is 1066=100.106-6=100.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

22.

两个粒子沿等边 ABC\triangle ABC 的边按方向 ABCAA\to B\to C\to A\text{,} 同时同速运动。一个从 AA 出发,另一个从 BC\overline{BC} 的中点出发。连接两个粒子的线段的中点所走路径围成区域 RR。求 RR 的面积与 ABC\triangle ABC 面积之比。

Two particles move along the edges of equilateral ABC\triangle ABC in the direction ABCA,A\to B\to C\to A, starting simultaneously and moving at the same speed. One starts at A,A, and the other starts at the midpoint of BC.\overline{BC}. The midpoint of the line segment joining the two particles traces out a path that encloses a region R.R. What is the ratio of the area of RR to the area of ABC?\triangle ABC?

116\dfrac{1}{16}

112\dfrac{1}{12}

19\dfrac{1}{9}

16\dfrac{1}{6}

14\dfrac{1}{4}

难度评级:2220
小提示:

因为两个粒子都作线性运动,中点在关键时刻之间也作线性运动;把它描出的三角形记为 XYZXYZ

Because both particles move linearly, the midpoint also moves linearly between key instants; call the traced triangle XYZXYZ

大提示:

该三角形以重心 OO 为中心;比较它的外接半径 OZOZOCOC

That triangle is centered at the centroid O;O; compare its circumradius OZOZ to OCOC

解答:

D,E,FD,E,F 分别为 BC,CA,ABBC,CA,AB 的中点,设 X,Y,ZX,Y,Z 分别为 AD,BE,CFAD,BE,CF 的中点。追踪一个始终位于两个粒子正中间的第三点:当两个粒子位于 A,DA,D 时,它位于 XX;当它们位于 F,CF,C 时,它位于 ZZ;当它们位于 B,EB,E 时,它位于 YY

在这些时刻之间,两个粒子的位置都线性变化,所以它们的中点依次描出线段 XZ,ZY,YXXZ,ZY,YX。因此围成的轨迹是等边三角形 XYZXYZ,由对称性,它与 ABC\triangle ABC 有同一个中心 OO。因为 ZZ 是中线 CFCF 的中点,OZ=OCZC=23CF12CF=16CF \begin{aligned} OZ&=OC-ZC \\ &=\dfrac23 CF-\dfrac12 CF \\ &=\dfrac16 CF \end{aligned}\text{,}OC=23CFOC=\dfrac23 CF

所以外接圆半径之比为 OZOC=14\dfrac{OZ}{OC}=\dfrac14,面积之比为 (14)2=116\left(\dfrac14\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{16}

所以正确答案是 A

Let D,E,FD,E,F be the midpoints of BC,CA,AB,BC,CA,AB, respectively, and let X,Y,ZX,Y,Z be the midpoints of AD,BE,CF,AD,BE,CF, respectively. Track a third point halfway between the two particles. It is at XX when the particles are at A,D;A,D; at ZZ when they are at F,C;F,C; and at YY when they are at B,E.B,E.

Between these instants both particle positions vary linearly, so their midpoint traces the segments XZ,ZY,YX.XZ,ZY,YX. Thus the enclosed path is the equilateral triangle XYZ,XYZ, which by symmetry shares the center OO of ABC.\triangle ABC. Because ZZ is the midpoint of the median CF,CF, OZ=OCZC=23CF12CF=16CF, \begin{aligned} OZ&=OC-ZC \\ &=\dfrac23 CF-\dfrac12 CF \\ &=\dfrac16 CF, \end{aligned} while OC=23CF.OC=\dfrac23 CF.

So the ratio of circumradii is OZOC=14,\dfrac{OZ}{OC}=\dfrac14, and the area ratio is (14)2=116.\left(\dfrac14\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{16}.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

23.

有多少个互不全等、直角边长为正整数的直角三角形,其面积的数值等于其周长的 33 倍?

How many non-congruent right triangles with positive integer leg lengths have areas that are numerically equal to 33 times their perimeters?

66

77

88

1010

1212

难度评级:2140
小提示:

设直角边 aba\le b,写出 12ab=3(a+b+a2+b2)\tfrac12 ab=3\left(a+b+\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\right),并把根式单独移到一边。

With legs ab,a\le b, write 12ab=3(a+b+a2+b2)\tfrac12 ab=3\left(a+b+\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\right) and isolate the radical

大提示:

平方并化简可得 (a12)(b12)=72(a-12)(b-12)=72;数因数对并排除伪解。

Squaring and simplifying yields (a12)(b12)=72;(a-12)(b-12)=72; check the factor-pair candidates in the original equation to remove extraneous ones

解答:

设直角边为 aba\le b。条件为 12ab=3(a+b+a2+b2)\tfrac12 ab=3\left(a+b+\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\right),所以 ab6a6b=6a2+b2 ab-6a-6b=6\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\text{。}

平方并化简得到 ab(ab12a12b+72)=0ab(ab-12a-12b+72)=0,所以 (a12)(b12)=72(a-12)(b-12)=72。正整数解为 (a,b)=(3,4)(a,b)=(3,4)(13,84)(13,84)(14,48)(14,48)(15,36)(15,36)(16,30)(16,30)(18,24)(18,24)(20,21)(20,21)

其中 (3,4)(3,4) 是伪解:它的面积为 66,而它的周长为 1212,周长的三倍是 3636。所以恰有 66 个三角形。

所以正确答案是 A

Let the legs be ab.a\le b. The condition is 12ab=3(a+b+a2+b2),\tfrac12 ab=3\left(a+b+\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\right), so ab6a6b=6a2+b2. ab-6a-6b=6\sqrt{a^2+b^2}.

Squaring and simplifying gives ab(ab12a12b+72)=0,ab(ab-12a-12b+72)=0, hence (a12)(b12)=72.(a-12)(b-12)=72. The positive integer solutions are (a,b)=(3,4),(a,b)=(3,4), (13,84),(13,84), (14,48),(14,48), (15,36),(15,36), (16,30),(16,30), (18,24),(18,24), (20,21).(20,21).

The pair (3,4)(3,4) is extraneous: its area is 6,6, while its perimeter is 1212 and three times that is 36.36. So exactly 66 triangles work.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

24.

有多少对正整数 (a,b)(a,b) 满足 gcd(a,b)=1\gcd(a,b)=1,并且 ab+14b9a\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{14b}{9a} 是整数?

How many pairs of positive integers (a,b)(a,b) are there such that gcd(a,b)=1\gcd(a,b)=1 and ab+14b9a\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{14b}{9a} is an integer?

44

66

99

1212

无限多个

infinitely many

难度评级:2340
小提示:

乘以 bb 可知 14b29a\dfrac{14b^2}{9a} 是整数;由于 gcd(a,b)=1\gcd(a,b)=11414aa 的倍数。

Clearing bb shows 14b29a\dfrac{14b^2}{9a} is an integer, and since gcd(a,b)=1,\gcd(a,b)=1, 1414 is divisible by aa

大提示:

类似地 99bb 的倍数,所以 a{1,2,7,14}a\in\{1,2,7,14\}b{1,3,9}b\in\{1,3,9\};检验互质对。

Similarly 99 is divisible by b,b, so a{1,2,7,14}a\in\{1,2,7,14\} and b{1,3,9};b\in\{1,3,9\}; test the coprime pairs

解答:

设表达式等于整数 kk。乘以 bb 并减去 aa,得 14b29a=bka\dfrac{14b^2}{9a}=bk-a 为整数。由于 gcd(a,b)=1\gcd(a,b)=1,可得 1414aa 的倍数。另一方面,乘以 9a9a 并减去 14b14b,得 9a2b=9ak14b\dfrac{9a^2}{b}=9ak-14b,所以 99bb 的倍数。

因此 a{1,2,7,14}a\in\{1,2,7,14\}b{1,3,9}b\in\{1,3,9\}。检验互质候选,表达式为整数的只有 (a,b)=(1,3)(a,b)=(1,3)(2,3)(2,3)(7,3)(7,3)(14,3)(14,3)

所以共有 44 对。

所以正确答案是 A

Let kk be the integer value of the original expression. Multiplying by bb and subtracting aa gives 14b29a=bka,\dfrac{14b^2}{9a}=bk-a, an integer. Since gcd(a,b)=1,\gcd(a,b)=1, it follows that 1414 is divisible by a.a. Multiplying instead by 9a9a and subtracting 14b14b gives 9a2b=9ak14b,\dfrac{9a^2}{b}=9ak-14b, so 99 is divisible by b.b.

Thus a{1,2,7,14}a\in\{1,2,7,14\} and b{1,3,9}.b\in\{1,3,9\}. Checking the coprime candidates, the expression is an integer only for (a,b)=(1,3),(a,b)=(1,3), (2,3),(2,3), (7,3),(7,3), (14,3).(14,3).

So there are 44 such pairs.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

25.

AABBCCDDEE 位于 33 维空间中,满足 AB=BC=CDAB=BC=CD =DE=EA=2=DE=EA=2,且 ABC=CDE\angle ABC=\angle CDE =DEA=90=\angle DEA=90^\circABC\triangle ABC 所在平面平行于 DE\overline{DE}。求 BDE\triangle BDE 的面积。

Points A,A, B,B, C,C, D,D, and EE are located in 33-dimensional space with AB=BC=CDAB=BC=CD =DE=EA=2=DE=EA=2 and ABC=CDE\angle ABC=\angle CDE =DEA=90.=\angle DEA=90^\circ. The plane of ABC\triangle ABC is parallel to DE.\overline{DE}. What is the area of BDE?\triangle BDE?

2\sqrt{2}

3\sqrt{3}

22

5\sqrt{5}

6\sqrt{6}

难度评级:2400
小提示:

D=(1,0,0)D=(-1,0,0)E=(1,0,0)E=(1,0,0),并把 ABC\triangle ABC 放在水平平面 z=k>0z=k\gt0 中。

Place D=(1,0,0),D=(-1,0,0), E=(1,0,0),E=(1,0,0), and put ABC\triangle ABC in a horizontal plane z=k>0z=k\gt0

大提示:

DDEE 处的直角使 A,CA,C 在半径为 22 的圆上;用 AC=22AC=2\sqrt2kk

The right angles at DD and EE put A,CA,C on radius-22 circles; use AC=22AC=2\sqrt2 to find kk

解答:

D=(1,0,0)D=(-1,0,0)E=(1,0,0)E=(1,0,0),令 ABC\triangle ABC 在平面 z=k>0z=k\gt0 中。由于 CDE\angle CDEDEA\angle DEA 为直角,AACC 分别位于以 EEDD 为圆心、半径为 22 的圆上;这两个圆所在的平面分别为 x=1x=1x=1x=-1。因此 A=(1,y1,k), C=(1,y2,k)A=(1,y_1,k),\ C=(-1,y_2,k),其中 yj=±4k2y_j=\pm\sqrt{4-k^2}

因为 ABC=90\angle ABC=90^\circ,所以 AC=22AC=2\sqrt2,这迫使 y1=y2y_1=-y_2。取 y1=1y_1=1y2=1y_2=-1,得 k=3k=\sqrt3,于是 A=(1,1,3)A=(1,1,\sqrt3)C=(1,1,3)C=(-1,-1,\sqrt3),而 BB(1,1,3)(1,-1,\sqrt3)(1,1,3)(-1,1,\sqrt3)

第一种情况下 BE=2BE=2BEDEBE\perp DE;第二种情况下 BD=2BD=2BDDEBD\perp DE。无论哪种,BDE\triangle BDE 的两条垂直边长度分别为 2222,面积为 12(2)(2)=2\tfrac12(2)(2)=2

所以正确答案是 C

Set D=(1,0,0)D=(-1,0,0) and E=(1,0,0),E=(1,0,0), and let ABC\triangle ABC lie in the plane z=k>0.z=k\gt0. Because CDE\angle CDE and DEA\angle DEA are right angles, AA and CC lie on radius-22 circles centered at EE and DD in the planes x=1x=1 and x=1,x=-1, so A=(1,y1,k), C=(1,y2,k)A=(1,y_1,k),\ C=(-1,y_2,k) with yj=±4k2.y_j=\pm\sqrt{4-k^2}.

Since ABC=90,\angle ABC=90^\circ, AC=22,AC=2\sqrt2, which forces y1=y2.y_1=-y_2. Taking y1=1,y_1=1, y2=1,y_2=-1, gives k=3,k=\sqrt3, so A=(1,1,3),A=(1,1,\sqrt3), C=(1,1,3),C=(-1,-1,\sqrt3), and BB is (1,1,3)(1,-1,\sqrt3) or (1,1,3).(-1,1,\sqrt3).

In the first case BE=2BE=2 with BEDE;BE\perp DE; in the second BD=2BD=2 with BDDE.BD\perp DE. Either way BDE\triangle BDE has legs 22 and 2,2, so its area is 12(2)(2)=2.\tfrac12(2)(2)=2.

Thus, the correct answer is C.