2005 AMC 12B 第 19 题

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19.

xxyy 为两位整数,且 yy 是把 xx 的数字反过来得到的。整数 xxyy 满足 x2y2=m2x^2 - y^2 = m^2,其中 mm 为正整数。求 x+y+mx + y + m

Let xx and yy be two-digit integers such that yy is obtained by reversing the digits of x.x. The integers xx and yy satisfy x2y2=m2x^2 - y^2 = m^2 for some positive integer m.m. What is x+y+m?x + y + m?

8888

112112

116116

144144

154154

答案:E
知识点:数字平方差完全平方数
难度评级:1840
解答:

x=10a+bx = 10a + by=10b+ay = 10b + a,其中 a>b.a \gt b.x2y2=(10a+b)2(10b+a)2=99(a2b2)=99(a+b)(ab). \begin{aligned} &x^2 - y^2 = (10a+b)^2 \\ &\quad {}- (10b+a)^2 \\ &= 99(a^2 - b^2) \\ &= 99(a+b)(a-b). \end{aligned}

因为 99=911,99 = 9 \cdot 11,要使它成为完全平方数,必须有 11(a+b)(ab).11 \mid (a+b)(a-b). 由于 a+b17a + b \le 17,且 ab8,a - b \le 8,可用的唯一 1111 的倍数是 a+b=11.a + b = 11.

此时 x2y2=9112(ab),x^2 - y^2 = 9 \cdot 11^2 (a - b),它为完全平方数,当且仅当 aba - b 是完全平方数。因为 a+b=11a+b=11 是奇数,所以 aba-b 是奇数;又因为 1ab8,1 \le a-b \le 8,唯一可能的平方值为 1.1. 因此 (a,b)=(6,5).(a, b) = (6, 5).

所以 x=65,x = 65, y=56,y = 56,m=652562m = \sqrt{65^2 - 56^2},也就是 =1089=33.= \sqrt{1089} = 33. 因此 x+y+mx + y + m 的值为 =65+56+33=154.= 65 + 56 + 33 = 154.

所以正确答案是 E

Let x=10a+bx = 10a + b and y=10b+ay = 10b + a with a>b.a \gt b. Then x2y2=(10a+b)2(10b+a)2=99(a2b2)=99(a+b)(ab). \begin{aligned} &x^2 - y^2 = (10a+b)^2 \\ &\quad {}- (10b+a)^2 \\ &= 99(a^2 - b^2) \\ &= 99(a+b)(a-b). \end{aligned}

Since 99=911,99 = 9 \cdot 11, for this to be a perfect square we need 11(a+b)(ab).11 \mid (a+b)(a-b). As a+b17a + b \le 17 and ab8,a - b \le 8, the only multiple of 1111 available is a+b=11.a + b = 11.

Then x2y2=9112(ab),x^2 - y^2 = 9 \cdot 11^2 (a - b), which is a perfect square exactly when aba - b is a perfect square. Because a+b=11a+b=11 is odd, aba-b is odd; and because 1ab8,1 \le a-b \le 8, its only possible square value is 1.1. Hence (a,b)=(6,5).(a, b) = (6, 5).

So x=65,x = 65, y=56,y = 56, and m=652562m = \sqrt{65^2 - 56^2} =1089=33.= \sqrt{1089} = 33. Thus x+y+mx + y + m =65+56+33=154.= 65 + 56 + 33 = 154.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

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