2003 AMC 12B 第 22 题

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22.

ABCDABCD 是菱形,且 AC=16AC = 16BD=30BD = 30。 设 NNAB\overline{AB} 上一点,PPQQ 分别是从 NNAC\overline{AC}BD\overline{BD} 的垂足。下列哪一项最接近 PQPQ 的最小可能值?

Let ABCDABCD be a rhombus with AC=16AC = 16 and BD=30.BD = 30. Let NN be a point on AB,\overline{AB}, and let PP and QQ be the feet of the perpendiculars from NN to AC\overline{AC} and BD,\overline{BD}, respectively. Which of the following is closest to the minimum possible value of PQ?PQ?

6.56.5

6.756.75

77

7.257.25

7.57.5

答案:C
知识点:菱形高线最优化
难度评级:2020
解答:

OO 为两条对角线的交点。则 AOB\triangle AOBOO 处为直角,且 OA=8OA = 8OB=15OB = 15。 四边形 OPNQOPNQOOPPQQ 处均为直角,所以它是长方形,且 PQ=ONPQ = ON

ONON 的最小值是在 AOB\triangle AOB 中从 OOAB\overline{AB} 的高。因为 AB=82+152=17AB = \sqrt{8^2 + 15^2} = 17, 由两种面积表达式相等,得 ON=OAOBAB=81517=120177.06. \begin{aligned} ON &= \frac{OA \cdot OB}{AB} \\ &= \frac{8 \cdot 15}{17} \\ &= \frac{120}{17} \approx 7.06. \end{aligned}

这最接近 77

因此,正确答案是 C

Let OO be the intersection of the diagonals. Then AOB\triangle AOB is right-angled at OO with legs OA=8OA = 8 and OB=15.OB = 15. Quadrilateral OPNQOPNQ has right angles at O,O, P,P, and Q,Q, so it is a rectangle and PQ=ON.PQ = ON.

The minimum of ONON is the altitude from OO to AB\overline{AB} in AOB.\triangle AOB. Since AB=82+152=17,AB = \sqrt{8^2 + 15^2} = 17, equating the two area expressions gives ON=OAOBAB=81517=120177.06. \begin{aligned} ON &= \frac{OA \cdot OB}{AB} \\ &= \frac{8 \cdot 15}{17} \\ &= \frac{120}{17} \approx 7.06. \end{aligned}

This is closest to 7.7.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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