2003 AMC 12B 第 22 题

先试着解答 2003 AMC 12B 第 22 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2003 AMC 12B 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

22.

设 ABCDABCD 是菱形,且 AC=16AC = 16,BD=30BD = 30。设 NN 是 AB‾\overline{AB} 上一点,PP 和 QQ 分别是从 NN 到 AC‾\overline{AC} 和 BD‾\overline{BD} 的垂足。下列哪一项最接近 PQPQ 的最小可能值?
Let ABCDABCD be a rhombus with AC=16AC = 16 and BD=30.BD = 30. Let NN be a point on AB‾,\overline{AB}, and let PP and QQ be the feet of the perpendiculars from NN to AC‾\overline{AC} and BD‾,\overline{BD}, respectively. Which of the following is closest to the minimum possible value of PQ?PQ?
6.56.5
6.756.75
77
7.257.25
7.57.5
答案:C
知识点:菱形高线最优化
小提示:
设 OO 为中心;菱形对角线垂直,所以 OPNQOPNQ 是长方形,且 PQ=ONPQ = ON
Let OO be the center; the diagonals meet at right angles, so OPNQOPNQ is a rectangle and PQ=ONPQ = ON
大提示:
当 NN 是直角三角形 AOBAOB 中从 OO 向斜边作的垂足时,ONON 最小,其中两条直角边为 88 和 1515
ONON is smallest when NN is the foot of the altitude from OO in right triangle AOBAOB with legs 88 and 1515
解答:
设 OO 为两条对角线的交点。则 △AOB\triangle AOB 在 OO 处为直角,且 OA=8OA = 8,OB=15OB = 15。四边形 OPNQOPNQ 在 OO,PP,QQ 处均为直角,所以它是长方形,且 PQ=ONPQ = ON。
ONON 的最小值是在 △AOB\triangle AOB 中从 OO 到 AB‾\overline{AB} 的高。因为 AB=82+152=17AB = \sqrt{8^2 + 15^2} = 17,由两种面积表达式相等,得 ON=OA⋅OBAB=8⋅1517=12017≈7.06。 \begin{aligned} ON &= \frac{OA \cdot OB}{AB} \\ &= \frac{8 \cdot 15}{17} \\ &= \frac{120}{17} \approx 7.06 \end{aligned}\text{。}
这最接近 77。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let OO be the intersection of the diagonals. Then △AOB\triangle AOB is right-angled at OO with legs OA=8OA = 8 and OB=15.OB = 15. Quadrilateral OPNQOPNQ has right angles at O,O, P,P, and Q,Q, so it is a rectangle and PQ=ON.PQ = ON.
The minimum of ONON is the altitude from OO to AB‾\overline{AB} in △AOB.\triangle AOB. Since AB=82+152=17,AB = \sqrt{8^2 + 15^2} = 17, equating the two area expressions gives ON=OA⋅OBAB=8⋅1517=12017≈7.06. \begin{aligned} ON &= \frac{OA \cdot OB}{AB} \\ &= \frac{8 \cdot 15}{17} \\ &= \frac{120}{17} \approx 7.06. \end{aligned}
This is closest to 7.7.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
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