2025 AMC 12A 第 22 题

先试着解答 2025 AMC 12A 第 22 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2025 AMC 12A 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

22.

从 00 到 11 之间独立均匀随机地选出三个实数。这三个数中最大的那个数大于另外两个数各自的 22 倍的概率是多少?(换句话说,如果所选的数为 a≥b≥ca \ge b \ge c,则 a>2ba \gt 2b。)
Three real numbers are chosen independently and uniformly at random between 00 and 1.1. What is the probability that the greatest of these three numbers is greater than 22 times each of the other two numbers? (In other words, if the chosen numbers are a≥b≥c,a \ge b \ge c, then a>2b.a \gt 2b.)
112\dfrac{1}{12}
19\dfrac{1}{9}
18\dfrac{1}{8}
16\dfrac{1}{6}
14\dfrac{1}{4}
答案:E
知识点:几何概率微积分
小提示:
对顺序统计量 x1≥x2≥x3x_1 \ge x_2 \ge x_3,在区域 x1>x2>x3x_1 \gt x_2 \gt x_3 上联合密度为 66。
With order statistics x1≥x2≥x3,x_1 \ge x_2 \ge x_3, the joint density is 66 on the region x1>x2>x3x_1 \gt x_2 \gt x_3
大提示:
在 x3∈(0,x2)x_3 \in (0, x_2),x1∈(2x2,1)x_1 \in (2x_2, 1),和 x2∈(0,12)x_2 \in (0, \tfrac{1}{2}) 上积分
Integrate over x3∈(0,x2),x_3 \in (0, x_2), x1∈(2x2,1),x_1 \in (2x_2, 1), and x2∈(0,12)x_2 \in (0, \tfrac{1}{2})
解答:
将数按大小排列为 x1>x2>x3x_1 \gt x_2 \gt x_3;顺序统计量在这个区域上的联合密度为 66。所求事件为 x1>2x2x_1 \gt 2x_2。
对 x3x_3 从 00 到 x2x_2 积分,会贡献因子 x2x_2。于是 P=6∫012x2∫2x21dx1 dx2=6∫012x2(1−2x2) dx2。 \begin{aligned} P &= 6\int_0^{\frac{1}{2}} x_2\int_{2x_2}^{1} dx_1\, dx_2 \\ &= 6\int_0^{\frac{1}{2}} x_2(1 - 2x_2)\, dx_2 \end{aligned}\text{。}
这等于 6(18−112)=6⋅124=146\left(\dfrac{1}{8} - \dfrac{1}{12}\right) = 6 \cdot \dfrac{1}{24} = \dfrac{1}{4}。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Order the values as x1>x2>x3x_1 \gt x_2 \gt x_3; the joint density of the order statistics is 66 on this region. The event is x1>2x2.x_1 \gt 2x_2.
Integrating x3x_3 from 00 to x2x_2 contributes a factor of x2.x_2. Then P=6∫012x2∫2x21dx1 dx2=6∫012x2(1−2x2) dx2. \begin{aligned} P &= 6\int_0^{\frac{1}{2}} x_2\int_{2x_2}^{1} dx_1\, dx_2 \\ &= 6\int_0^{\frac{1}{2}} x_2(1 - 2x_2)\, dx_2. \end{aligned}
This equals 6(18−112)=6⋅124=14.6\left(\dfrac{1}{8} - \dfrac{1}{12}\right) = 6 \cdot \dfrac{1}{24} = \dfrac{1}{4}.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
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