2024 AMC 12B 第 9 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

9.

一个飞镖靶是坐标平面中的区域 BB,由满足 x+y8|x| + |y| \le 8 的点 (x,y)(x, y) 组成。目标区域 TT 由满足 (x2+y225)249(x^2 + y^2 - 25)^2 \le 49 的点组成。飞镖随机落在 BB 中一点。飞镖落在 TT 中的概率可表示为 mnπ\dfrac{m}{n} \cdot \pi,其中 mmnn 是互质正整数。求 m+nm + n

A dartboard is the region BB in the coordinate plane consisting of points (x,y)(x, y) such that x+y8.|x| + |y| \le 8. A target TT is the region where (x2+y225)249.(x^2 + y^2 - 25)^2 \le 49. A dart is thrown and lands at a random point in B.B. The probability that the dart lands in TT can be expressed as mnπ,\dfrac{m}{n} \cdot \pi, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. What is m+n?m + n?

3939

7171

7373

7575

135135

答案:B
知识点:几何概率圆环
难度评级:1540
小提示:

区域 BB 是对角线长为 1616 的正方形,且 (x2+y225)249(x^2+y^2-25)^2 \le 49 等价于 18x2+y23218 \le x^2 + y^2 \le 32

The region BB is a square with diagonals of length 16,16, and (x2+y225)249(x^2+y^2-25)^2 \le 49 means 18x2+y23218 \le x^2 + y^2 \le 32

大提示:

环形区域 TT 的面积为 π(3218)\pi(32 - 18);检查其外半径 32\sqrt{32} 恰好到达 BB 的边,所以 TT 完全位于 BB 内。

The annulus TT has area π(3218);\pi(32 - 18); check that its outer radius 32\sqrt{32} exactly reaches the sides of B,B, so TT lies entirely inside BB

解答:

飞镖靶 x+y8|x| + |y| \le 8 是一个对角线长为 1616 的正方形,面积为 121616=128\tfrac12 \cdot 16 \cdot 16 = 128。目标条件 (x2+y225)249(x^2 + y^2 - 25)^2 \le 49 等价于 7x2+y2257-7 \le x^2 + y^2 - 25 \le 7,即 18x2+y23218 \le x^2 + y^2 \le 32,这是一个面积为 π(3218)=14π\pi(32 - 18) = 14\pi 的圆环。

原点到正方形一条边(如 x+y=8x + y = 8)的距离为 82=32\dfrac{8}{\sqrt2} = \sqrt{32},正好等于环形区域外半径,所以整个环形区域都在 BB 内。概率为 14π128=764π\dfrac{14\pi}{128} = \dfrac{7}{64}\pi,因此 m+n=7+64=71m + n = 7 + 64 = 71

所以正确答案是 B

The dartboard x+y8|x| + |y| \le 8 is a square with diagonals 16,16, so its area is 121616=128.\tfrac12 \cdot 16 \cdot 16 = 128. The target condition (x2+y225)249(x^2 + y^2 - 25)^2 \le 49 means 7x2+y2257,-7 \le x^2 + y^2 - 25 \le 7, i.e. 18x2+y232,18 \le x^2 + y^2 \le 32, an annulus of area π(3218)=14π.\pi(32 - 18) = 14\pi.

The distance from the origin to a side of the square (for instance x+y=8x + y = 8) is 82=32,\dfrac{8}{\sqrt2} = \sqrt{32}, exactly the annulus’s outer radius. So the annulus is tangent to the square and lies entirely within B.B. The probability is 14π128=764π,\dfrac{14\pi}{128} = \dfrac{7}{64}\pi, giving m+n=7+64=71.m + n = 7 + 64 = 71.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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