2024 AMC 12B 第 6 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

6.

美国国债预计到 20332033 年将达到 510135 \cdot 10^{13} 美元。这个美元数用 55 进制数字写出时有多少位?(本题中取 log105\log_{10} 5 近似为 0.70.7 已足够。)

The national debt of the United States is on track to reach 510135 \cdot 10^{13} dollars by 2033.2033. How many digits does this number of dollars have when written as a numeral in base 5?5? (The approximation of log105\log_{10} 5 as 0.70.7 is sufficient for this problem.)

1818

2020

2222

2424

2626

答案:B
知识点:对数进制
难度评级:1370
解答:

NN55 进制位数是 log5N+1\lfloor \log_5 N \rfloor + 1。对于 N=51013N = 5 \cdot 10^{13},有 换底可得 log5N\log_5 N =13.7log105= \dfrac{13.7}{\log_{10} 5} =13.70.7= \dfrac{13.7}{0.7} =19.57= 19.57\ldotslog10N=13+log105=13.7.\log_{10} N = 13 + \log_{10} 5 = 13.7.

因此位数为 19.57+1=19+1=20\lfloor 19.57 \rfloor + 1 = 19 + 1 = 20

所以正确答案是 B

The number of digits of NN in base 55 is log5N+1.\lfloor \log_5 N \rfloor + 1. With N=51013,N = 5 \cdot 10^{13}, log10N=13+log105=13.7.\log_{10} N = 13 + \log_{10} 5 = 13.7. Converting bases, log5N\log_5 N =13.7log105= \dfrac{13.7}{\log_{10} 5} =13.70.7= \dfrac{13.7}{0.7} =19.57= 19.57\ldots

Thus the number of digits is 19.57+1=19+1=20.\lfloor 19.57 \rfloor + 1 = 19 + 1 = 20.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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