2023 AMC 12B 第 8 题

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8.

集合 {0,1,2,3,,12}\{0,1,2,3,\ldots,12\} 有多少个非空子集 BB,满足 BB 中元素个数等于 BB 的最小元素?例如,B={4,6,8,11}B=\{4,6,8,11\} 满足这个条件。

How many nonempty subsets BB of {0,1,2,3,,12}\{0,1,2,3,\ldots,12\} have the property that the number of elements in BB is equal to the least element of B?B? For example, B={4,6,8,11}B=\{4,6,8,11\} satisfies the condition.

256256

136136

108108

144144

156156

答案:D
知识点:组合分类讨论
难度评级:1570
解答:

如果最小元素为 m (m1)m\ (m\ge 1),则 B=m|B|=m,其余 m1m-1 个元素来自 {m+1,,12}\{m+1,\ldots,12\},这个集合大小为 12m12-m。总数为 等于 1+10+36+56+35+61+10+36+56+35+6 =144=144m1(12mm1)=(110)+(101)+(92)+(83)+(74)+(65), \begin{aligned} \sum_{m\ge 1}\binom{12-m}{m-1} &=\binom{11}{0} \\ &\quad {}+\binom{10}{1} \\ &\quad {}+\binom{9}{2} \\ &\quad {}+\binom{8}{3} \\ &\quad {}+\binom{7}{4} \\ &\quad {}+\binom{6}{5}, \end{aligned}

因此,正确答案是 D

If the least element is m (m1),m\ (m\ge 1), then B=m|B|=m and the remaining m1m-1 elements come from {m+1,,12},\{m+1,\ldots,12\}, a set of size 12m.12-m. The count is m1(12mm1)=(110)+(101)+(92)+(83)+(74)+(65), \begin{aligned} \sum_{m\ge 1}\binom{12-m}{m-1} &=\binom{11}{0} \\ &\quad {}+\binom{10}{1} \\ &\quad {}+\binom{9}{2} \\ &\quad {}+\binom{8}{3} \\ &\quad {}+\binom{7}{4} \\ &\quad {}+\binom{6}{5}, \end{aligned} which equals 1+10+36+56+35+61+10+36+56+35+6 =144.=144.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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