2023 AMC 12B 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
Jones 太太正在把橙汁倒入四个相同的杯子,给她的四个儿子喝。她把前三个杯子都倒满了,但橙汁用完时,第四个杯子只倒了 满。Jones 太太需要从前三个杯子中的每一个 倒出几分之一个杯子的橙汁到第四个杯子里,才能使四个杯子里的橙汁量都相同?
Mrs. Jones is pouring orange juice into four identical glasses for her four sons. She fills the first three glasses completely but runs out of juice when the fourth glass is only full. What fraction of a glass must Mrs. Jones pour from each of the first three glasses into the fourth glass so that all four glasses will have the same amount of juice?
小提示:
前三个满杯加上一个部分装满的杯子,橙汁总量是固定的
The three full glasses plus the partly full one hold a fixed total amount of juice
大提示:
总量是 杯;除以 得到每杯最终的液面高度,再从 中减去它
The total is glasses; divide by to get each glass’s final level, then subtract from
解答:
橙汁总量是 杯。平均分成四份后,每个杯子应有 杯。因此前三个杯子中的每一个都必须倒出 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
The total juice is glasses. Split evenly, each glass should hold of a glass. Each of the first three glasses must therefore give up
Thus, the correct answer is C.
2.
Carlos 去体育用品店买跑鞋。跑鞋正在打折,每双鞋的价格都降低 。Carlos 还知道 他需要按折后价支付 的销售税。他有 美元。他能买得起的最贵跑鞋的原价 (折扣前价格)是多少?
Carlos went to a sports store to buy running shoes. Running shoes were on sale, with prices reduced by on every pair of shoes. Carlos also knew that he had to pay a sales tax on the discounted price. He had dollars. What is the original (before discount) price of the most expensive shoes he could afford to buy?
小提示:
的折扣把价格乘以 ,然后 的税把价格乘以 。
A discount multiplies the price by then the tax multiplies by
大提示:
解不等式 ,求最大的原价 。
Solve for the largest original price
解答:
原价为 的一双鞋最终费用是 。由 得 ,所以他能买得起的最贵跑鞋原价为 美元。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The final cost of a pair with original price is Setting gives so the most expensive affordable pair originally cost dollars.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
3.
一个 -- 直角三角形内接于圆 ,另一个 -- 直角三角形内接于圆 。圆 的面积与圆 的面积之比是多少?
A -- right triangle is inscribed in circle and a -- right triangle is inscribed in circle What is the ratio of the area of circle to the area of circle
小提示:
内接于圆的直角三角形,其斜边就是圆的直径
A right triangle inscribed in a circle has its hypotenuse as a diameter
大提示:
两个圆的直径分别是 和 ;面积之比是半径之比的平方
The circles have diameters and the area ratio is the square of the ratio of radii
解答:
内接直角三角形的斜边是直径,所以圆 的直径为 ,圆 的直径为 。面积之比为 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The hypotenuse of an inscribed right triangle is a diameter, so circle has diameter and circle has diameter The ratio of areas is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
4.
Jackson 的画笔能刷出宽 毫米的窄条。Jackson 的油漆足够刷出 米长的一条。Jackson 能用油漆覆盖多少平方厘米的纸?
Jackson’s paintbrush makes a narrow strip with a width of millimeters. Jackson has enough paint to make a strip meters long. How many square centimeters of paper could Jackson cover with paint?
小提示:
先把所有长度都换算成厘米,再相乘
Convert every length to centimeters before multiplying
大提示:
宽度是 ,长度是
The width is and the length is
解答:
换算单位后,这条窄条宽 厘米,长 厘米,所以面积为 平方厘米。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Converting units, the strip is cm wide and cm long, so its area is square centimeters.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
5.
你正在玩一个游戏。一个 的长方形盖住了一个 方格表中两个相邻 的小正方形(横放或竖放都可能),但你不知道它盖住了哪两个小正方形。你的目标是找到至少 一个被长方形盖住的小正方形。一次“回合”是你猜一个小正方形,然后会被告知这个小正方形 是否被隐藏的长方形盖住。为了保证你猜过的小正方形中至少有一个被长方形盖住,最少需要 多少回合?
You are playing a game. A rectangle covers two adjacent squares (oriented either horizontally or vertically) of a grid of squares, but you are not told which two squares are covered. Your goal is to find at least one square that is covered by the rectangle. A “turn” consists of you guessing a square, after which you are told whether that square is covered by the hidden rectangle. What is the minimum number of turns you need to ensure that at least one of your guessed squares is covered by the rectangle?
小提示:
想一想哪些小正方形可以不猜,同时仍然不可能完全避开这个骨牌
Think about which squares you could leave un-guessed without ever touching the domino
大提示:
未猜的小正方形中不能有两个相邻;在 方格中,这样的集合最大有 个小正方形
The un-guessed squares must contain no two adjacent squares; the largest such set in a grid has squares
解答:
一组猜过的小正方形能保证碰到这个骨牌,当且仅当未猜的小正方形中没有两个相邻;否则骨牌 可以藏在那一对相邻小正方形上。 方格中两两不相邻的小正方形集合最大是 个小正方形的棋盘格集合(四个角加中心)。所以最多能留下 个小正方形不猜,必须猜 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
A set of guessed squares is guaranteed to hit the domino if and only if the un-guessed squares contain no two adjacent squares, since otherwise the domino could hide on that adjacent pair. The largest set of pairwise non-adjacent squares in the grid is the -square checkerboard (four corners plus the center). So at most squares can be left unguessed, and you must guess
Thus, the correct answer is C.
6.
当多项式
的根从数轴上移除后,剩下的是 个互不相交的开区间的并。在其中多少个区间上 为正?
When the roots of the polynomial
are removed from the number line, what remains is the union of disjoint open intervals. On how many of these intervals is positive?
小提示:
的符号只会在指数为奇数的根处改变
The sign of flips at a root only when that root’s exponent is odd
大提示:
当 时函数值为正;向左移动时,只在奇数根 处翻转符号
For the value is positive; move left, flipping sign only at the odd roots
解答:
因子 的指数是 ,所以 的符号只在 且 为奇数时改变,也就是在 处改变。当 时每个因子都为正,所以 。向左扫描并在每个奇数根处翻转符号,正区间为 、、、、 和 ,共六个区间。
因此,正确答案是 C。
The exponent of the factor is so the sign of changes at only when is odd, i.e. at For every factor is positive, so Sweeping left and flipping at each odd root, the positive intervals are and — six intervals in all.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
7.
有多少个整数 使得表达式
表示一个实数,其中 表示以 为底的对数?
For how many integers does the expression
represent a real number, where denotes the base logarithm?
小提示:
表达式为实数,当且仅当平方根下的分式 。
The expression is real exactly when the fraction under the square root is
大提示:
令 ;分式为 ,且 必须是正整数
Let the fraction is and must be a positive integer
解答:
设 ,则 ,分式为 。作符号分析可知它 当且仅当 或 。由于 是正整数, 只给出 ,而 给出 ,共 个值。总数为 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Write Then and the fraction is A sign chart shows this is exactly when or Since is a positive integer, forces while gives which is values. In total
Thus, the correct answer is E.
8.
集合 有多少个非空子集 ,满足 中元素个数等于 的最小元素?例如, 满足这个条件。
How many nonempty subsets of have the property that the number of elements in is equal to the least element of For example, satisfies the condition.
小提示:
如果最小元素是 ,那么 正好有 个元素,且所有元素都至少为 。
If the least element is then has exactly elements, all at least
大提示:
从大于 的 个整数中选择另外 个元素;这给出
Choose the other elements from the integers greater than this gives
解答:
如果最小元素为 ,则 ,其余 个元素来自 ,这个集合大小为 。总数为 等于 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
If the least element is then and the remaining elements come from a set of size The count is which equals
Thus, the correct answer is D.
9.
坐标平面中,由下列不等式定义的区域面积是多少?
What is the area of the region in the coordinate plane defined by
小提示:
该区域关于两个坐标轴都对称,所以用 和 来考虑
The region is symmetric across both axes, so work with and
大提示:
在第一象限中, 是面积为 的菱形;共有 份
In the first quadrant is a diamond of area there are copies
解答:
将 替换为 ,条件 描述的是以 为中心、对角线长为 的菱形,因此面积为 。它完全位于第一象限(只在单个点 接触坐标轴),所以关于两条坐标轴反射后得到 个互不重叠的副本。总面积为 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Replacing by the condition describes a diamond centered at with diagonals of length hence area It lies entirely in the first quadrant (touching the axes only at single points), so reflecting across the two axes produces disjoint copies. The total area is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
10.
在 -平面中,一个半径为 、圆心在正 -轴上的圆在原点处与 -轴相切;另一个半径为 、圆心在正 -轴上的圆在原点处与 -轴相切。经过这两个圆的 两个交点的直线斜率是多少?
In the -plane, a circle of radius with center on the positive -axis is tangent to the -axis at the origin, and a circle with radius with center on the positive -axis is tangent to the -axis at the origin. What is the slope of the line passing through the two points at which these circles intersect?
小提示:
写出两个圆的方程,然后相减,得到经过两个交点的直线
Write both circle equations, then subtract to get the line through both intersection points
大提示:
两个圆可化简为 和 ;令右边相等
The circles simplify to and set the right sides equal
解答:
两个圆分别为 和 ,即 和 。相减得 ,所以交点都在 上,该直线的斜率为 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The circles are and i.e. and Subtracting gives so the intersection points lie on which has slope
Thus, the correct answer is E.
11.
一个等腰梯形的两腰长为 ,且一条底边是另一条底边的两倍。这个等腰梯形的最大面积 是多少?
What is the maximum area of an isosceles trapezoid that has legs of length and one base twice as long as the other?
小提示:
作出两条高;每条腰的水平跨度为
Drop the two heights; each leg spans a horizontal distance of
大提示:
设短底为 ,面积为 ;最大化它的平方
With shorter base the area is maximize its square
解答:
设两条底边为 和 。每条腰的水平偏移为 ,所以高为 ,面积为 。于是 ,当 时最大。此时高为 ,且 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Let the bases be and Each leg has horizontal offset so the height is and the area is Then maximized when There the height is and
Thus, the correct answer is D.
12.
对于复数 和 ,定义二元运算 为
设 是一个复数,满足 。 是多少?
For complex numbers and define the binary operation by
Suppose is a complex number such that What is
13.
长方体 的三条不同棱长为 、 和 。 的全部 条棱长之和为 , 的全部 个面的面积之和为 , 的体积为 。连接 的两个顶点的最长内部对角线长度是多少?
A rectangular box has distinct edge lengths and The sum of the lengths of all edges of is the sum of the areas of all faces of is and the volume of is What is the length of the longest interior diagonal connecting two vertices of
14.
有多少个整数有序对 使多项式 有 个不同的整数根?
For how many ordered pairs of integers does the polynomial have distinct integer roots?
小提示:
如果根为整数 ,则 。
If the roots are integers then
大提示:
列出三个不同整数且乘积为 的集合;每个集合给出一个
List the sets of three distinct integers with product each set gives one pair
解答:
由韦达定理,三个不同整数根的乘积为 。三个不同整数且乘积为 的集合为 ,,,,和 。每个集合决定 和 ,并且这五个集合给出 不同的有序对,所以共有 个有序对 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
By Vieta, the three distinct integer roots multiply to The sets of three distinct integers with product are and Each set determines and and all five give different pairs, so there are ordered pairs
Thus, the correct answer is A.
15.
设 ,,和 是正整数,满足
以下哪些陈述一定为真?
I. 如果 或 ,或两者都成立,则 。
II. 如果 ,则 或 ,或两者都成立。
III. 当且仅当 。
Suppose and are positive integers such that
Which of the following statements are necessarily true?
I. If or or both, then
II. If then or or both.
III. if and only if
、 和
and
只有
only
只有 和
and only
只有
only
只有 和
and only
小提示:
清分母得到 ,所以 且 。
Clearing denominators gives so and
大提示:
因此 整除 当且仅当它们整除 ;而 整除 当且仅当它们整除 。
Hence divide iff they divide and divide iff they divide
解答:
两边乘以 得 。因为 ,得 ,所以 当且仅当 。因为 ,得 ,所以 当且仅当 。又因为 且 ,陈述 III 成立: 当且仅当两者都成立。陈述 II 是 III 的正向推论,因此为真。陈述 I 为假:如果 但 ,则 ,因而 。只有 II 和 III 为真。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Multiplying by gives Since we get so iff Since we get so iff As with statement III follows: iff both hold. Statement II is the forward implication of III, hence true. Statement I is false: if but then so Only II and III are true.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
16.
在 Coinland,有三种硬币,面值分别为 ,,和 。无法凑出的最大金额的 各位数字之和是多少?
In Coinland, there are three types of coins, each worth and What is the sum of the digits of the maximum amount of money that is impossible to have?
答案:D
小提示:
列出哪些金额能由 凑出;寻找最大的不能凑出的金额
List which amounts can be formed from look for the largest that cannot
大提示:
一旦六个连续金额都能凑出,再添加更多 就能凑出之后所有金额
Once six consecutive amounts are all attainable, adding more ’s reaches everything beyond
解答:
金额 都能凑出(例如 ,,,,,)。之后不断加上 元硬币,就能凑出所有更大的金额。检查更小的数, 无法凑出:若不用 元硬币,若干 元和 元硬币的总额为偶数;若用一枚 元硬币,剩余的 不能写成 ;两枚 元硬币已经超过 。所以最大无法凑出的金额是 ,其数位和为 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The amounts are all attainable (for instance ). Adding ’s then reaches every larger amount. Checking below, is impossible: without a -coin a sum of ’s and ’s is even, while with one -coin the remaining cannot be written as two -coins already exceed So the largest impossible amount is whose digit sum is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
17.
三角形 的边长成等差数列,且最短边长为 。如果这个三角形有一个 角,那么 的面积是多少?
Triangle has side lengths in arithmetic progression, and the smallest side has length If the triangle has an angle of what is the area of
小提示:
设边长为 ; 角对着最长边
Let the sides be the angle is opposite the longest side
大提示:
用余弦定理和 求出 ,再用面积 。
Apply the law of cosines with to find then area
解答:
设边长为 。 角对着最长边,所以 。用 得 ,所以 ,边长为 。面积为 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Let the sides be The angle faces the longest side, so Using gives so and the sides are The area is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
18.
上一学年,Yolanda 和 Zelda 选了不同的课程,这些课程在两个学期中不一定安排了相同数量的 小测。Yolanda 第一学期所有小测的平均分比 Zelda 第一学期所有小测的平均分高 分。Yolanda 第二学期所有小测的平均分比她第一学期的平均分高 分,并且又比 Zelda 第二 学期所有小测的平均分高 分。以下哪一项不可能为真?
Last academic year Yolanda and Zelda took different courses that did not necessarily administer the same number of quizzes during each of the two semesters. Yolanda’s average on all the quizzes she took during the first semester was points higher than Zelda’s average on all the quizzes she took during the first semester. Yolanda’s average on all the quizzes she took during the second semester was points higher than her average for the first semester and was again points higher than Zelda’s average on all the quizzes Zelda took during her second semester. Which one of the following statements cannot possibly be true?
Yolanda 的学年小测平均分比 Zelda 高 分。
Yolanda’s quiz average for the academic year was points higher than Zelda’s.
Zelda 的学年小测平均分高于 Yolanda。
Zelda’s quiz average for the academic year was higher than Yolanda’s.
Yolanda 的学年小测平均分比 Zelda 高 分。
Yolanda’s quiz average for the academic year was points higher than Zelda’s.
Zelda 的学年小测平均分等于 Yolanda。
Zelda’s quiz average for the academic year equaled Yolanda’s.
如果 Zelda 每次小测都多得 分,那么她的学年平均分会与 Yolanda 相同。
If Zelda had scored points higher on each quiz she took, then she would have had the same average for the academic year as Yolanda.
小提示:
令 Zelda 第一学期的平均分为 ,再用给定差值写出另外三个学期平均分
Let Zelda’s first-semester average be and write the other three semester averages using the given gaps
大提示:
若 分别是 Yolanda 和 Zelda 在第二学期完成的小测所占的比例,则她们的学年平均分之差为
If are the fractions of Yolanda’s and Zelda’s quizzes taken in semester two, their yearly-average difference is
解答:
把 Zelda 第一学期的平均分从四个学期平均分中同时减去,并不影响比较。于是可以把学期平均分写成 Zelda 的 和 Yolanda 的 。设 和 分别是 Yolanda 和 Zelda 在第二学期完成的小测所占的比例。她们的学年平均分之差为 因为 ,这个差小于 ,所以不可能等于 。
其他陈述确实可能发生。取 会使 Zelda 的平均分更高;取 会使 Yolanda 的平均分高 分(把 Zelda 的每次小测成绩都加上 分之后,这也验证了最后一个选项);取 会使两人的学年平均分相等。上面出现的每个分数都能用正整数的小测次数实现。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Subtracting Zelda’s first-semester average from all four semester averages does not affect the comparison. We may therefore write the semester averages as for Zelda and for Yolanda. Let and be the fractions of Yolanda’s and Zelda’s quizzes, respectively, that occurred in the second semester. Their yearly-average difference is Because this difference is less than so it cannot be
The other options really can occur. Taking makes Zelda’s average higher; taking makes Yolanda’s average points higher (and also verifies the last option after adding to every Zelda score); and taking makes the yearly averages equal. Each displayed fraction can be realized by positive integer quiz counts.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
19.
将 个球中的每一个放入 个箱子之一。每个箱子中球数都是奇数的概率最接近 以下哪一个?
Each of balls is placed in one of bins. Which of the following is closest to the probability that each of the bins will contain an odd number of balls?
小提示:
每个球独立落入箱子;使用奇偶筛,将第 个箱子为奇数写作
Each ball lands independently; use a parity filter, writing bin odd as
大提示:
对所有分配求和,全奇数的比例为 ;看它在大 时趋近于什么
Summing over all assignments, the all-odd fraction is see what it approaches for large
解答:
用奇偶筛计数三个箱子全为奇数的分配数,对奇数 可得 再除以总分配数 ,概率为 ,当 时极其接近 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Counting assignments where all three bins are odd with the parity filter gives for odd Dividing by the total assignments, the probability is which for is extremely close to
Thus, the correct answer is E.
20.
青蛙 Cyrus 先向某个方向跳 个单位,再向另一个方向跳 个单位。他落在离出发点 小于 个单位处的概率是多少?
Cyrus the frog jumps units in a direction, then more in another direction. What is the probability that he lands less than unit away from his starting position?
小提示:
固定第一次跳跃沿 -轴;第二次跳跃形成一个均匀随机角 。
Fix the first jump along the -axis; the second jump makes a uniformly random angle
大提示:
落点距离满足 ;要求 ,即 。
The landing distance satisfies require i.e.
解答:
取第一次跳跃为 ,第二次为 ,其中 在 上均匀分布。落点距离满足 。需要 ,即 。这样的角的测度为 ,所以概率为 。利用 ,并取 ,得到 ,因此概率为 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Take the first jump as and the second as with uniform on The landing distance satisfies We need i.e. The measure of such angles is so the probability is Using with gives so the probability is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
21.
一个灯罩的形状是直圆锥台的侧面。圆锥台的高为 英寸,上底直径为 英寸,下底直径为 英寸。一只虫子在灯罩底边上,灯罩上边缘离虫子最远的位置有一团 蜂蜜。虫子想爬到蜂蜜处,但必须留在灯罩表面上。它到蜂蜜的最短路径长度是多少英寸?
A lampshade is made in the form of the lateral surface of the frustum of a right circular cone. The height of the frustum is inches, its top diameter is inches, and its bottom diameter is inches. A bug is at the bottom of the lampshade and there is a glob of honey on the top edge of the lampshade at the spot farthest from the bug. The bug wants to crawl to the honey, but it must stay on the surface of the lampshade. What is the length in inches of its shortest path to the honey?
小提示:
将圆锥台延伸成完整圆锥(到顶点的斜距为 和 );展开后是角度为 的扇形
Extend the frustum to a full cone (apex slant distances and ); it unrolls to a sector of angle
大提示:
到蜂蜜的直线会穿过缺失的顶部小圆锥,因此路径先与半径 的内圆相切,再沿它的弧走
The straight line to the honey cuts across the missing top cone, so the path runs tangent to the inner circle of radius then along its arc
解答:
将圆锥台延伸成完整圆锥。由于半径为 和 ,斜高带宽为 ,顶点到上边缘的斜距为 ,到下边缘的斜距为 。下底周长 展开成半径 、角度 的扇形。在这个展开图中把虫子放在 ;蜂蜜位于沿底边走半圈的位置,在展开图中半径为 、角度为 。连接它们的直弦会进入半径 以内(不在表面上),所以测地线与半径 的圆相切:切线长为 ,切点角度为 ,之后沿半径 的圆弧走过角度 ,弧长为 。最短路径为 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Extend the frustum to a full cone. Since the radii are and with slant band the apex is slant distance from the top rim and from the bottom rim. The bottom circumference unrolls to a sector of radius and angle Place the bug at in this pattern; the honey, halfway around the base, is at radius and angle The straight chord between them passes within radius (off the surface), so the geodesic goes tangent to the circle of radius the tangent has length and touches at angle after which the path follows the arc of angle on radius of length The shortest path is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
22.
实值函数 满足:对所有实数 和 ,
以下哪一个不可能是 的值?
A real-valued function has the property that for all real numbers and
Which one of the following cannot be the value of
小提示:
令 确定 ,再令 将 与 联系起来
Set to pin down then set to relate to
大提示:
由 ,得 ;取 可给出 的下界
From taking bounds from below
解答:
令 得 ,所以 或 。如果 ,则令 可推出 ,此时 。否则 ,令 得 对每个 都成立。特别地,取 ,得 。所以 ,而且 中的每个值都可达到(例如 或 )。因此 不可能。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Setting gives so or If then setting forces giving Otherwise and setting gives for every In particular, with So and indeed every value in is attainable (e.g. or ). Hence is impossible.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
23.
掷 个标准六面骰子时,掷出的数字乘积可能有 种不同的值。 是多少?
When standard six-sided dice are rolled, the product of the numbers rolled can be any of possible values. What is
小提示:
一个乘积由 的指数决定,所以计数不同的指数组三元组
A product is determined by the exponents of so count the distinct exponent triples
大提示:
固定恰有 枚骰子出现 ,令其余骰子数为 ,再计算它们能产生的 与 的指数对
After fixing that exactly dice show count the possible exponent pairs of and from the other dice
解答:
每个骰子在质数 上贡献一个指数向量(点数 ,,,,,),而乘积由这些向量之和决定。
要求恰有 枚骰子显示 ,从而固定 的指数,并令 。对 的指数 ,其中 , 的可能指数 恰好是 。若 ,就用 枚显示 的骰子和 枚显示 的骰子。若 ,就用 枚显示 的骰子,再用显示 的骰子(必要时加一枚显示 的骰子)凑出余下的 个因子 。由 可知这样至多用 枚骰子;其余骰子都显示 。因此指数对的个数为
对 求和,也就是对 求和,不同乘积的个数为 当 时它等于 ,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Each die contributes an exponent vector in the primes (face ), and a product is determined by the sum of these vectors.
Fix the exponent of by requiring exactly dice to show and put For an exponent of where the possible exponents of are precisely If use faces showing and showing If use faces showing and make the remaining factors of with faces and, if needed, one face The bound says this uses at most dice; fill unused dice with ’s. Thus the number of exponent pairs is
Summing over , equivalently over the number of distinct products is For this is so
Thus, the correct answer is A.
24.
设 ,,,和 是满足以下所有关系的正整数。
是多少?
Suppose that and are positive integers satisfying all of the following relations.
What is
小提示:
每次只处理一个质数; 取最小指数, 取最大指数
Work one prime at a time; uses the minimum exponent and the maximum
大提示:
对每个质数,用最大值(最小公倍数)条件和总和(乘积)条件确定四个指数,再取最小值
For each prime, pin down the four exponents from the max (lcm) and total (product) conditions, then take the minimum
解答:
对每个质数分别处理 中的指数。
质数 (总指数 ): 强制 ;然后 ,且 ,得 且 ,所以最小指数为 。
质数 (总指数 ):,而其他最小公倍数都等于 ,强制 ;然后 ,且 ,得 ,所以最小指数为 。
质数 (总指数 ):,且 ,,强制 ;然后 ,每个都 ,且两两最大值为 ,所以其中两个等于 ,一个等于 ,最小指数为 。
因此 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Handle each prime separately using the exponents of
Prime (total ): forces then with gives and so the minimum exponent is
Prime (total ): with the other lcms equal to forces then with gives so the minimum is
Prime (total ): with forces then with each and pairwise maxima gives two of them equal to and one equal to so the minimum is
Therefore
Thus, the correct answer is C.
25.
一个面积为 的正五边形印在纸上并被剪下。将五边形的五个顶点都折到 五边形的中心,形成一个较小的五边形。新五边形的面积是多少?
A regular pentagon with area is printed on paper and cut out. The five vertices of the pentagon are folded into the center of the pentagon, creating a smaller pentagon. What is the area of the new pentagon?
小提示:
把一个顶点折到中心时,折痕在中心到该顶点线段的垂直平分线上
Folding a vertex to the center creases along the perpendicular bisector of the segment from the center to that vertex
大提示:
新五边形是内切圆半径为 的正五边形;与原来的内切圆半径 比较
The new pentagon is regular with apothem compare to the original apothem
解答:
设原五边形的外接圆半径为 。将一个顶点折到中心时,折痕是中心到该顶点线段的垂直平分线,即离中心距离为 的直线。五条折痕围成一个内切圆半径为 的正五边形,而原五边形的内切圆半径为 。面积按内切圆半径的平方成比例,所以比例为 因为 ,这个比例为 。乘以原面积 得 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Let the original pentagon have circumradius Folding a vertex to the center creases along the perpendicular bisector of the segment from the center to that vertex, a line at distance from the center. The five creases bound a regular pentagon with apothem whereas the original has apothem Areas scale as the square of the apothem, so the ratio is Since this ratio is Multiplying by the original area gives
Thus, the correct answer is B.