2023 AMC 12B 第 6 题

先试着解答 2023 AMC 12B 第 6 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2023 AMC 12B 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

6.

当多项式
P(x)=(x−1)1(x−2)2⋅(x−3)3⋯⋅(x−10)10 \begin{gathered} P(x)=(x-1)^1(x-2)^2 \\ {}\cdot (x-3)^3\cdots \\ {}\cdot (x-10)^{10} \end{gathered}
的根从数轴上移除后,剩下的是 1111 个互不相交的开区间的并。在其中多少个区间上 P(x)P(x) 为正?
When the roots of the polynomial
P(x)=(x−1)1(x−2)2⋅(x−3)3⋯⋅(x−10)10 \begin{gathered} P(x)=(x-1)^1(x-2)^2 \\ {}\cdot (x-3)^3\cdots \\ {}\cdot (x-10)^{10} \end{gathered}
are removed from the number line, what remains is the union of 1111 disjoint open intervals. On how many of these intervals is P(x)P(x) positive?
33
77
66
44
55
答案:C
知识点:多项式奇偶性
小提示:
P(x)P(x) 的符号只会在指数为奇数的根处改变
The sign of P(x)P(x) flips at a root only when that root’s exponent is odd
大提示:
当 x>10x\gt 10 时函数值为正;向左移动时,只在奇数根 1,3,5,7,91,3,5,7,9 处翻转符号
For x>10x\gt 10 the value is positive; move left, flipping sign only at the odd roots 1,3,5,7,91,3,5,7,9
解答:
因子 (x−k)(x-k) 的指数是 kk,所以 PP 的符号只在 x=kx=k 且 kk 为奇数时改变,也就是在 1,3,5,7,91,3,5,7,9 处改变。当 x>10x\gt 10 时每个因子都为正,所以 P>0P\gt 0。向左扫描并在每个奇数根处翻转符号,正区间为 (10,∞)(10,\infty)、(9,10)(9,10)、(6,7)(6,7)、(5,6)(5,6)、(2,3)(2,3) 和 (1,2)(1,2),共六个区间。
因此,正确答案是 C。
The exponent of the factor (x−k)(x-k) is k,k, so the sign of PP changes at x=kx=k only when kk is odd, i.e. at 1,3,5,7,9.1,3,5,7,9. For x>10x\gt 10 every factor is positive, so P>0.P\gt 0. Sweeping left and flipping at each odd root, the positive intervals are (10,∞),(10,\infty), (9,10),(9,10), (6,7),(6,7), (5,6),(5,6), (2,3),(2,3), and (1,2)(1,2) — six intervals in all.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
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