2021 AMC 12B Fall 第 14 题

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14.

P(z)P(z)Q(z)Q(z)R(z)R(z) 是实系数多项式,次数分别为 223366,常数项分别为 112233。令 NN 为满足方程 的不同复数 zz 的个数。NN 的最小可能值是多少? P(z)Q(z)=R(z).P(z) \cdot Q(z) = R(z).

Suppose that P(z),P(z), Q(z),Q(z), and R(z)R(z) are polynomials with real coefficients, having degrees 2,2, 3,3, and 6,6, respectively, and constant terms 1,1, 2,2, and 3,3, respectively. Let NN be the number of distinct complex numbers zz that satisfy the equation P(z)Q(z)=R(z).P(z) \cdot Q(z) = R(z). What is the minimum possible value of N?N?

00

11

22

33

55

答案:B
知识点:多项式极端原理
难度评级:1850
解答:

D(z)=P(z)Q(z)R(z)D(z) = P(z)Q(z) - R(z)。因为 PQP Q 的次数为 55,而 RR 的次数为 66,所以 DD 的次数为 66。它的常数项为 123=101 \cdot 2 - 3 = -1 \neq 0

由于 RR 除这些限制外没有其他限制,DD 可以成为任意次数为 66、常数项为 1-1 的实系数多项式,例如 (z1)6-(z - 1)^6

这样的多项式只有一个不同的根,所以最小值为 N=1N = 1

所以正确答案是 B

Let D(z)=P(z)Q(z)R(z).D(z) = P(z)Q(z) - R(z). Since PQP Q has degree 55 and RR has degree 6,6, the degree of DD is 6.6. Its constant term is 123=10.1 \cdot 2 - 3 = -1 \neq 0.

Because RR is otherwise unconstrained, DD can be made equal to any real degree-66 polynomial with constant term 1,-1, for instance (z1)6.-(z - 1)^6.

Such a polynomial has a single distinct root, so the minimum is N=1.N = 1.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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