2021 AMC 12A Fall 第 14 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

14.

如图,等边六边形 ABCDEFABCDEF 有三个互不相邻的锐内角,每个都是 3030^\circ。 该六边形围成的面积为 636\sqrt{3}。这个六边形的周长是多少?

In the figure, equilateral hexagon ABCDEFABCDEF has three nonadjacent acute interior angles that each measure 30.30^\circ. The enclosed area of the hexagon is 63.6\sqrt{3}. What is the perimeter of the hexagon?

44

434\sqrt{3}

1212

1818

12312\sqrt{3}

答案:E
知识点:面积分割三角学
难度评级:1730
解答:

设公共边长为 ss。三个锐角顶点是三个等腰三角形的尖端,这些三角形的两边为 ss,顶角为 3030^\circ; 每个面积为 12s2sin30=s24\tfrac12 s^2 \sin 30^\circ = \tfrac{s^2}{4}

三个凹角顶点形成一个内侧等边三角形,边长为 2ssin152s\sin 15^\circ,面积为 3s2sin215\sqrt3\,s^2\sin^2 15^\circ。利用 sin215=234\sin^2 15^\circ = \tfrac{2 - \sqrt3}{4},总面积为 3s24+3s2234=s232. \frac{3s^2}{4} + \sqrt3\,s^2\cdot\frac{2 - \sqrt3}{4} = \frac{s^2\sqrt3}{2}.

s232=63\tfrac{s^2\sqrt3}{2} = 6\sqrt3,得 s2=12s^2 = 12,所以 s=23s = 2\sqrt3,周长为 6s=1236s = 12\sqrt3

所以正确答案是 E

Let the common side length be s.s. The three acute vertices are the tips of isosceles triangles with two sides ss and apex 30;30^\circ; each has area 12s2sin30=s24.\tfrac12 s^2 \sin 30^\circ = \tfrac{s^2}{4}.

The three reflex vertices form an inner equilateral triangle with side 2ssin15,2s\sin 15^\circ, whose area is 3s2sin215.\sqrt3\,s^2\sin^2 15^\circ. Using sin215=234,\sin^2 15^\circ = \tfrac{2 - \sqrt3}{4}, the total area is 3s24+3s2234=s232. \frac{3s^2}{4} + \sqrt3\,s^2\cdot\frac{2 - \sqrt3}{4} = \frac{s^2\sqrt3}{2}.

Setting s232=63\tfrac{s^2\sqrt3}{2} = 6\sqrt3 gives s2=12,s^2 = 12, so s=23s = 2\sqrt3 and the perimeter is 6s=123.6s = 12\sqrt3.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

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