2019 AMC 12B 第 22 题

先试着解答 2019 AMC 12B 第 22 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2019 AMC 12B 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

22.

递归定义数列:x0=5x_0=5,且
xn+1=xn2+5xn+4xn+6 x_{n+1}=\dfrac{x_n^2+5x_n+4}{x_n+6}
对所有非负整数 nn 成立。设 mm 为满足
xm≤4+1220。 x_m\le4+\dfrac{1}{2^{20}}\text{。}
的最小正整数。mm 位于下列哪个区间?
Define a sequence recursively by x0=5x_0=5 and
xn+1=xn2+5xn+4xn+6 x_{n+1}=\dfrac{x_n^2+5x_n+4}{x_n+6}
for all nonnegative integers n.n. Let mm be the least positive integer such that
xm≤4+1220. x_m\le4+\dfrac{1}{2^{20}}.
In which of the following intervals does mm lie?
[9,26][9,26]
[27,80][27,80]
[81,242][81,242]
[243,728][243,728]
[729,∞)[729,\infty)
答案:C
知识点:递推裂项相消极限情形界定
小提示:
令 an=xn−4a_n=x_n-4;则 an+1=an⋅xn+5xn+6a_{n+1}=a_n\cdot\dfrac{x_n+5}{x_n+6}。
Let an=xn−4;a_n=x_n-4; then an+1=an⋅xn+5xn+6a_{n+1}=a_n\cdot\dfrac{x_n+5}{x_n+6}
大提示:
因为 xnx_n 递减趋向 44,这个比值始终在 910\dfrac{9}{10} 与 1011\dfrac{10}{11} 之间
Since xnx_n decreases toward 4,4, the ratio stays between 910\dfrac{9}{10} and 1011\dfrac{10}{11}
解答:
令 an=xn−4a_n=x_n-4。简单计算得到 an+1=xn+1−4=(xn+5)(xn−4)xn+6=an⋅xn+5xn+6。 \begin{gathered} a_{n+1}=x_{n+1}-4 \\ =\dfrac{(x_n+5)(x_n-4)}{x_n+6} \\ =a_n\cdot\dfrac{x_n+5}{x_n+6} \end{gathered}\text{。}
从 a0=1a_0=1 开始,各项保持为正并递减。因为 xnx_n 从 55 递减趋向 44,每个比值 xn+5xn+6\dfrac{x_n+5}{x_n+6} 都严格介于 910\dfrac{9}{10} 和 1011\dfrac{10}{11} 之间。
因此 ama_m 被夹在 (910)m\left(\dfrac{9}{10}\right)^m 与 (1011)m\left(\dfrac{10}{11}\right)^m 之间。求解 am≤2−20a_m\le2^{-20} 可知 mm 大约在 132132 到 146146 之间,落在 [81,242][81,242] 中。
所以正确答案是 C。
Let an=xn−4.a_n=x_n-4. A short computation gives an+1=xn+1−4=(xn+5)(xn−4)xn+6=an⋅xn+5xn+6. \begin{gathered} a_{n+1}=x_{n+1}-4 \\ =\dfrac{(x_n+5)(x_n-4)}{x_n+6} \\ =a_n\cdot\dfrac{x_n+5}{x_n+6}. \end{gathered}
Starting from a0=1,a_0=1, the terms stay positive and decrease. Because xnx_n decreases from 55 toward 4,4, each ratio xn+5xn+6\dfrac{x_n+5}{x_n+6} lies strictly between 910\dfrac{9}{10} and 1011.\dfrac{10}{11}.
Hence ama_m is squeezed between (910)m\left(\dfrac{9}{10}\right)^m and (1011)m.\left(\dfrac{10}{11}\right)^m. Solving am≤2−20a_m\le2^{-20} puts mm between about 132132 and 146,146, which lies in [81,242].[81,242].
Thus, C is the correct answer.
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