2019 AMC 12A 第 22 题

先试着解答 2019 AMC 12A 第 22 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2019 AMC 12A 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

22.

圆 ω\omega 和 γ\gamma 都以 OO 为圆心,半径分别为 2020 和 1717。等边三角形 ABCABC 的内部位于 ω\omega 的内部但位于 γ\gamma 的外部,顶点 AA 在 ω\omega 上,且包含边 BCBC 的直线与 γ\gamma 相切。线段 AOAO 与 BCBC 交于 PP,且 BPCP=3\dfrac{BP}{CP} = 3。若 ABAB 可写成 mn−pq\dfrac{m}{\sqrt{n}} - \dfrac{p}{\sqrt{q}} 的形式,其中 mm,nn,pp,qq 为正整数,且 gcd⁡(m,n)=gcd⁡(p,q)=1\gcd(m, n) = \gcd(p, q) = 1,求 m+n+p+qm + n + p + q。
Circles ω\omega and γ,\gamma, both centered at O,O, have radii 2020 and 17,17, respectively. Equilateral triangle ABC,ABC, whose interior lies in the interior of ω\omega but in the exterior of γ,\gamma, has vertex AA on ω,\omega, and the line containing side BCBC is tangent to γ.\gamma. Segments AOAO and BCBC intersect at P,P, and BPCP=3.\dfrac{BP}{CP} = 3. Then ABAB can be written in the form mn−pq\dfrac{m}{\sqrt{n}} - \dfrac{p}{\sqrt{q}} for positive integers m,m, n,n, p,p, qq with gcd⁡(m,n)=gcd⁡(p,q)=1.\gcd(m, n) = \gcd(p, q) = 1. What is m+n+p+q?m + n + p + q?
4242
8686
9292
114114
130130
答案:E
知识点:坐标几何等边三角形切线
小提示:
令 s=ABs = AB。因为 BPCP=3\tfrac{BP}{CP} = 3,所以 BP=3s4BP = \tfrac{3s}{4} 且 CP=s4CP = \tfrac{s}{4}。
Let s=AB.s = AB. Since BPCP=3,\tfrac{BP}{CP} = 3, we have BP=3s4BP = \tfrac{3s}{4} and CP=s4CP = \tfrac{s}{4}
大提示:
把 PP 放在原点,令 BCBC 水平;OO 在直线 APAP 上,距 BCBC 为 1717,且距 AA 为 2020。
Place PP at the origin with BCBC horizontal; OO lies on line APAP at distance 1717 from BCBC and 2020 from AA
解答:
令 s=ABs = AB。因为 BPCP=3\dfrac{BP}{CP} = 3,所以 BP=3s4BP = \dfrac{3s}{4} 且 CP=s4CP = \dfrac{s}{4}。把 PP 放在原点,令 BCBC 在 xx-轴上,B=(−3s4,0)B = \left(-\tfrac{3s}{4}, 0\right),C=(s4,0)C = \left(\tfrac{s}{4}, 0\right),顶点 A=(−s4,s32)A = \left(-\tfrac{s}{4}, \tfrac{s\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)。
点 P,O,AP, O, A 共线,所以 O=t⋅AO = t \cdot A 对某个标量 tt 成立。两个条件确定它:OO 到直线 BCBC 的距离为 1717 得 ∣t∣⋅s32=17|t| \cdot \dfrac{s\sqrt{3}}{2} = 17,且 AA 在 ω\omega 上,得 ∣t−1∣⋅s134=20|t - 1| \cdot \dfrac{s\sqrt{13}}{4} = 20,因为 ∣A∣=s134|A| = \dfrac{s\sqrt{13}}{4}。
解得 ∣t∣s=343|t| s = \dfrac{34}{\sqrt{3}} 且 ∣t−1∣s=8013|t - 1| s = \dfrac{80}{\sqrt{13}}。有效构型中 OO 与 AA 位于 PP 的两侧,所以 ∣t−1∣s=∣t∣s+s|t-1|s=|t|s+s。因此 AB=s=8013−343。 AB = s = \dfrac{80}{\sqrt{13}} - \dfrac{34}{\sqrt{3}}\text{。}
因此 m+n+p+q=80+13m + n + p + q = 80 + 13 +34+3=130+ 34 + 3 = 130。
所以正确答案是 E。
Let s=AB.s = AB. Since BPCP=3,\dfrac{BP}{CP} = 3, we have BP=3s4BP = \dfrac{3s}{4} and CP=s4.CP = \dfrac{s}{4}. Put PP at the origin with BCBC on the xx-axis, B=(−3s4,0),B = \left(-\tfrac{3s}{4}, 0\right), C=(s4,0),C = \left(\tfrac{s}{4}, 0\right), and apex A=(−s4,s32).A = \left(-\tfrac{s}{4}, \tfrac{s\sqrt{3}}{2}\right).
Points P,O,AP, O, A are collinear, so O=t⋅AO = t \cdot A for some scalar t.t. Two conditions pin it down: OO is at distance 1717 from line BC,BC, giving ∣t∣⋅s32=17,|t| \cdot \dfrac{s\sqrt{3}}{2} = 17, and AA is on ω,\omega, giving ∣t−1∣⋅s134=20|t - 1| \cdot \dfrac{s\sqrt{13}}{4} = 20 since ∣A∣=s134.|A| = \dfrac{s\sqrt{13}}{4}.
Solving, ∣t∣s=343|t| s = \dfrac{34}{\sqrt{3}} and ∣t−1∣s=8013.|t - 1| s = \dfrac{80}{\sqrt{13}}. The valid configuration has OO and AA on opposite sides of P,P, so ∣t−1∣s=∣t∣s+s.|t-1|s=|t|s+s. Therefore AB=s=8013−343. AB = s = \dfrac{80}{\sqrt{13}} - \dfrac{34}{\sqrt{3}}.
Then m+n+p+q=80+13m + n + p + q = 80 + 13 +34+3=130.+ 34 + 3 = 130.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
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