2018 AMC 12A 第 6 题

先试着解答 2018 AMC 12A 第 6 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2018 AMC 12A 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

6.

正整数 mm 和 nn 满足 m+10<n+1m + 10 \lt n + 1,并且集合 {m,m+4,m+10\{m, m + 4, m + 10,n+1n + 1,n+2n + 2,2n}2n\} 的平均数和中位数都等于 nn。m+nm + n 是多少?
For positive integers mm and nn such that m+10<n+1,m + 10 \lt n + 1, both the mean and the median of the set {m,m+4,m+10,\{m, m + 4, m + 10, n+1,n + 1, n+2,n + 2, 2n}2n\} are equal to n.n. What is m+n?m + n?
2020
2121
2222
2323
2424
答案:B
知识点:平均数中位数(数据)方程组
小提示:
条件 m+10<n+1m + 10 \lt n + 1 迫使这六个数已经按递增顺序列出
The condition m+10<n+1m + 10 \lt n + 1 forces the six values to be listed in increasing order
大提示:
令中位数 (m+10)+(n+1)2=n\frac{(m+10)+(n+1)}{2} = n,再令平均数等于 nn,然后解这两个方程
Set the median (m+10)+(n+1)2=n\frac{(m+10)+(n+1)}{2} = n and set the mean equal to n,n, then solve the two equations
解答:
因为 m+10<n+1m + 10 \lt n + 1,这六个数已经按递增顺序排列,所以中位数是中间两个数的平均:(m+10)+(n+1)2=n\frac{(m+10)+(n+1)}{2} = n,得到 m=n−11m = n - 11。平均数条件为 (n−11)+(n−7)+(n−1)+(n+1)+(n+2)+2n6=n, \tiny \frac{(n-11)+(n-7)+(n-1)+(n+1)+(n+2)+2n}{6} = n\text{,} 因此 7n−16=6n7n - 16 = 6n,得 n=16n = 16。于是 m=5m = 5,所以 m+n=21m + n = 21。
所以正确答案是 B。
Because m+10<n+1,m + 10 \lt n + 1, the six numbers are already increasing, so the median is the average of the middle two: (m+10)+(n+1)2=n,\frac{(m+10)+(n+1)}{2} = n, giving m=n−11.m = n - 11. The mean condition is (n−11)+(n−7)+(n−1)+(n+1)+(n+2)+2n6=n, \tiny \frac{(n-11)+(n-7)+(n-1)+(n+1)+(n+2)+2n}{6} = n, so 7n−16=6n7n - 16 = 6n and n=16.n = 16. Then m=5,m = 5, and m+n=21.m + n = 21.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
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