2018 AMC 12A 第 25 题

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25.

对于正整数 nn 和非零数字 aabbcc,设 AnA_n 为一个 nn 位整数,其每一位都等于 aa;设 BnB_n 为一个 nn 位整数,其每一位都等于 bb;设 CnC_n 为一个 2n2n 位(而不是 nn 位)整数,其每一位都等于 cc。若存在至少两个 nn 的取值使 CnBn=An2C_n - B_n = A_n^2,则 a+b+ca + b + c 的最大可能值是多少?

For a positive integer nn and nonzero digits a,a, b,b, and c,c, let AnA_n be the nn-digit integer each of whose digits is equal to a;a; let BnB_n be the nn-digit integer each of whose digits is equal to b;b; and let CnC_n be the 2n2n-digit (not nn-digit) integer each of whose digits is equal to c.c. What is the greatest possible value of a+b+ca + b + c for which there are at least two values of nn such that CnBn=An2?C_n - B_n = A_n^2?

1212

1414

1616

1818

2020

答案:D
知识点:数字代数变形
难度评级:2650
解答:

利用 An=a10n19A_n = a \cdot \tfrac{10^n - 1}{9}Bn=b10n19B_n = b \cdot \tfrac{10^n - 1}{9} 以及 Cn=c102n19C_n = c \cdot \tfrac{10^{2n} - 1}{9},方程 CnBn=An2C_n - B_n = A_n^2 在除以 10n110^n - 1 并清分母后变为 若它要对两个不同的 nn 成立,则 10n10^n 的系数必须为零,所以 9c=a29c = a^2,进而 9b9ca2=09b - 9c - a^2 = 0(9ca2)10n=9b9ca2. (9c - a^2) \cdot 10^n = 9b - 9c - a^2.

于是 c=a29c = \tfrac{a^2}{9}b=2cb = 2c。 因此 a{3,6,9}a \in \{3, 6, 9\},对应 c{1,4,9}c \in \{1, 4, 9\}b{2,8,18}b \in \{2, 8, 18\}; 情况 b=18b = 18 不是一个数字。有效三元组为 (a,b,c)=(3,2,1)(a, b, c) = (3, 2, 1)(6,8,4)(6, 8, 4), 而且确实有 444488=4356=6624444 - 88 = 4356 = 66^2。 较大的数字和为 6+8+4=186 + 8 + 4 = 18

所以正确答案是 D

Using An=a10n19,A_n = a \cdot \tfrac{10^n - 1}{9}, Bn=b10n19,B_n = b \cdot \tfrac{10^n - 1}{9}, and Cn=c102n19,C_n = c \cdot \tfrac{10^{2n} - 1}{9}, the equation CnBn=An2C_n - B_n = A_n^2 becomes, after dividing by 10n110^n - 1 and clearing fractions, (9ca2)10n=9b9ca2. (9c - a^2) \cdot 10^n = 9b - 9c - a^2. For this to hold at two different n,n, the coefficient of 10n10^n must be zero, so 9c=a29c = a^2 and hence 9b9ca2=0.9b - 9c - a^2 = 0.

Then c=a29c = \tfrac{a^2}{9} and b=2c.b = 2c. So a{3,6,9}a \in \{3, 6, 9\} with c{1,4,9}c \in \{1, 4, 9\} and b{2,8,18};b \in \{2, 8, 18\}; the case b=18b = 18 is not a digit. The valid triples are (a,b,c)=(3,2,1)(a, b, c) = (3, 2, 1) and (6,8,4),(6, 8, 4), and indeed 444488=4356=662.4444 - 88 = 4356 = 66^2. The greater digit sum is 6+8+4=18.6 + 8 + 4 = 18.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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