2014 AMC 12A 第 22 题

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22.

58675^{867} 介于 220132^{2013}220142^{2014} 之间。有多少对整数 (m,n)(m,n) 满足 1m20121\le m\le20125n<2m<2m+2<5n+1?5^n\lt2^m\lt2^{m+2}\lt5^{n+1}?

The number 58675^{867} is between 220132^{2013} and 22014.2^{2014}. How many pairs of integers (m,n)(m,n) are there such that 1m20121\le m\le2012 and 5n<2m<2m+2<5n+1?5^n\lt2^m\lt2^{m+2}\lt5^{n+1}?

278278

279279

280280

281281

282282

答案:B
知识点:指数方程组
难度评级:2270
解答:

因为 22<5<232^2\lt5\lt2^3,每个区间 (5n,5n+1)(5^n,5^{n+1}) 内含有两个或三个 22 的幂。不等式链 5n<2m<2m+2<5n+15^n\lt2^m\lt2^{m+2}\lt5^{n+1} 恰好在该区间含有三个连续的 22 的幂时成立,而且此时 mm 唯一。

ddtt 分别为 0n8660\le n\le866 时区间 (5n,5n+1)(5^n,5^{n+1}) 内含两个和三个 22 的幂的区间数。由于 22013<5867<220142^{2013}\lt5^{867}\lt2^{2014},这些区间内共有 2013201322 的幂,因此 d+t=867d+t=867,且 2d+3t=20132d+3t=2013

解得 t=20132867=279t=2013-2\cdot867=279

所以正确答案是 B

Because 22<5<23,2^2\lt5\lt2^3, each interval (5n,5n+1)(5^n,5^{n+1}) contains either two or three powers of 2.2. The chain 5n<2m<2m+2<5n+15^n\lt2^m\lt2^{m+2}\lt5^{n+1} holds exactly when the interval contains three consecutive powers of 2,2, and then there is a unique such m.m.

Let dd and tt be the numbers of intervals (5n,5n+1)(5^n,5^{n+1}) for 0n8660\le n\le866 containing two and three powers of 2,2, respectively. Since 22013<5867<220142^{2013}\lt5^{867}\lt2^{2014} there are 20132013 powers of 22 in total, giving d+t=867d+t=867 and 2d+3t=2013.2d+3t=2013.

Solving, t=20132867=279.t=2013-2\cdot867=279.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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