2013 AMC 12B 第 10 题

先试着解答 2013 AMC 12B 第 10 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2013 AMC 12B 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

10.

Alex 有 7575 个红色代币和 7575 个蓝色代币。有一个摊位可以用两个红色代币换一个银色代币和一个蓝色代币;另一个摊位可以用三个蓝色代币换一个银色代币和一个红色代币。Alex 持续交换,直到无法再交换为止。最后 Alex 会有多少个银色代币?
Alex has 7575 red tokens and 7575 blue tokens. There is a booth where Alex can give two red tokens and receive in return a silver token and a blue token, and another booth where Alex can give three blue tokens and receive in return a silver token and a red token. Alex continues to exchange tokens until no more exchanges are possible. How many silver tokens will Alex have at the end?
6262
8282
8383
102102
103103
答案:E
知识点:方程组不变量
小提示:
若第一个摊位交换 mm 次,第二个摊位交换 nn 次,则 Alex 剩下 75−(2m−n)75-(2m-n) 个红色代币和 75−(3n−m)75-(3n-m) 个蓝色代币。
After mm exchanges at the first booth and nn at the second, Alex has 75−(2m−n)75-(2m-n) red and 75−(3n−m)75-(3n-m) blue tokens
大提示:
交换停止时红色少于 22 个且蓝色少于 33 个;银色代币数为 m+nm+n。
Exchanges stop when fewer than 22 red and fewer than 33 blue remain; the silver count is m+nm+n
解答:
经过 mm 次红色摊位交换和 nn 次蓝色摊位交换后,Alex 有 75−(2m−n)75 - (2m - n) 个红色代币、75−(3n−m)75-(3n-m) 个蓝色代币,以及 m+nm+n 个银色代币。停止时,红色代币数为 00 或 11,蓝色代币数为 0,10,1,或 22。对这六种情形求解代币方程,只得到 (m,n)=(59,44)(m,n)=(59,44),终态为 (1,2)(1,2),或 (m,n)=(60,45)(m,n)=(60,45),终态为 (0,0)(0,0)。后者不可能到达:最后一次交换前的状态只能是 (−1,3)(-1,3) 或 (2,−1)(2,-1)。因此 Alex 最终有 59+44=10359+44=103 个银色代币。所以正确答案是 E。
After mm red-booth and nn blue-booth exchanges, Alex has 75−(2m−n)75 - (2m - n) red tokens, 75−(3n−m)75-(3n-m) blue tokens, and m+nm+n silver tokens. At termination the red count is 00 or 1,1, and the blue count is 0,1,0,1, or 2.2. Solving the token equations over these six cases leaves only (m,n)=(59,44),(m,n)=(59,44), ending at (1,2),(1,2), or (m,n)=(60,45),(m,n)=(60,45), ending at (0,0).(0,0). The latter is unreachable: its final exchange would have to start at either (−1,3)(-1,3) or (2,−1).(2,-1). Hence Alex finishes with 59+44=10359+44=103 silver tokens. Thus, the correct answer is E.
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