2012 AMC 12B 第 6 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

6.

为了估计 xyx-y 的值,其中 xxyy 是满足 x>y>0x \gt y \gt 0 的实数,Xiaoli 把 xx 向上调整了一小段量,把 yy 向下调整了同样的量,然后把她调整后的数相减。下列哪一项一定正确?

In order to estimate the value of xyx-y where xx and yy are real numbers with x>y>0,x \gt y \gt 0, Xiaoli rounded xx up by a small amount, rounded yy down by the same amount, and then subtracted her rounded values. Which of the following statements is necessarily correct?

她的估计值大于 xyx-y

Her estimate is larger than xy.x-y.

她的估计值小于 xyx-y

Her estimate is smaller than xy.x-y.

她的估计值等于 xyx-y

Her estimate equals xy.x-y.

她的估计值等于 yxy-x

Her estimate equals yx.y-x.

她的估计值是 00

Her estimate is 0.0.

答案:A
知识点:估算不等式
难度评级:1130
解答:

d>0d \gt 0 为那一小段量。Xiaoli 计算的是 (x+d)(yd)(x+d)-(y-d) =(xy)+2d=(x-y)+2d

因为 2d>02d \gt 0, 她的估计值大于真实值 xyx-y

因此正确答案是 A

Let d>0d \gt 0 be the small amount. Xiaoli computes (x+d)(yd)(x+d)-(y-d) =(xy)+2d.=(x-y)+2d.

Since 2d>0,2d \gt 0, her estimate exceeds the true value xy.x-y.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

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