2011 AMC 12B 第 14 题

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14.

一条线段经过抛物线的焦点 FF,且垂直于 FV\overline{FV},其中 VV 是抛物线顶点。该线段与抛物线交于 AABBcos(AVB)\cos(\angle AVB) 等于多少?

A segment through the focus FF of a parabola with vertex VV is perpendicular to FV\overline{FV} and intersects the parabola in points AA and B.B. What is cos(AVB)?\cos(\angle AVB)?

357-\dfrac{3\sqrt{5}}{7}

255-\dfrac{2\sqrt{5}}{5}

45-\dfrac{4}{5}

35-\dfrac{3}{5}

12-\dfrac{1}{2}

答案:D
知识点:抛物线三角恒等式勾股定理
难度评级:1710
解答:

p=FVp=FV,准线为 \ell。把 FFBB 投影到 \ell 上,由焦点与准线的性质可得 FB=2pFB=2p,即 BB\ell 的距离。再由勾股定理, VB=FV2+FB2=p2+4p2=5p. \begin{aligned} VB&=\sqrt{FV^2+FB^2} \\ &=\sqrt{p^2+4p^2}=\sqrt5\,p. \end{aligned}

于是 cos(FVB)=FVVB\cos(\angle FVB)=\dfrac{FV}{VB} =p5p=\dfrac{p}{\sqrt5\,p} =15=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt5}。因为 AVB=2FVB\angle AVB=2\angle FVB,所以 cos(AVB)=2cos2(FVB)1=2151=35. \begin{aligned} \cos(\angle AVB) &=2\cos^2(\angle FVB) \\ &\quad {}-1 \\ &=2\cdot\dfrac15-1 \\ &=-\dfrac35. \end{aligned}

所以正确答案是 D

Let p=FVp=FV and let the directrix be .\ell. Projecting FF and BB onto ,\ell, the focus-directrix property gives FB=2pFB=2p (the distance from BB to \ell), and by the Pythagorean Theorem VB=FV2+FB2=p2+4p2=5p. \begin{aligned} VB&=\sqrt{FV^2+FB^2} \\ &=\sqrt{p^2+4p^2}=\sqrt5\,p. \end{aligned}

Then cos(FVB)=FVVB\cos(\angle FVB)=\dfrac{FV}{VB} =p5p=\dfrac{p}{\sqrt5\,p} =15.=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt5}. Since AVB=2FVB,\angle AVB=2\angle FVB, cos(AVB)=2cos2(FVB)1=2151=35. \begin{aligned} \cos(\angle AVB) &=2\cos^2(\angle FVB) \\ &\quad {}-1 \\ &=2\cdot\dfrac15-1 \\ &=-\dfrac35. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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