2011 AMC 12A 第 22 题

先试着解答 2011 AMC 12A 第 22 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2011 AMC 12A 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

22.

设 RR 为一个正方形区域,n≥4n \ge 4 为整数。若从 RR 内部一点 XX 发出 nn 条射线,可以把 RR 分成 nn 个面积相等的三角形,则称 XX 为 nn-射线分割点。有多少个点是 100100-射线分割点但不是 6060-射线分割点?
Let RR be a square region and n≥4n \ge 4 an integer. A point XX in the interior of RR is called nn-ray partitional if there are nn rays emanating from XX that divide RR into nn triangles of equal area. How many points are 100100-ray partitional but not 6060-ray partitional?
15001500
15601560
23202320
24802480
25002500
答案:C
知识点:面积格点补集计数
小提示:
nn-射线分割点形成网格:当 n=2mn = 2m,它们是内部点 (im,jm)\left(\tfrac{i}{m}, \tfrac{j}{m}\right),构成 (m−1)×(m−1)(m-1) \times (m-1) 个点
The nn-ray partitional points form a grid: for n=2m,n = 2m, they are the interior points (im,jm),\left(\tfrac{i}{m}, \tfrac{j}{m}\right), an (m−1)×(m−1)(m-1) \times (m-1) array
大提示:
一个点同时是 100100-射线和 6060-射线分割点,当且仅当它是 2020-射线分割点
A point is both 100100- and 6060-ray partitional exactly when it is 2020-ray partitional
解答:
将正方形缩放为 [0,1]2[0,1]^2,并令 X=(x,y)X=(x,y)。射线必须包括通向四个顶点的射线。每个小三角形的面积都是 1n\frac{1}{n}。以底边各段为底的三角形面积之和为 y2\frac{y}{2},所以这样的三角形有 ny2\frac{ny}{2} 个。同理,沿上、左、右三边的个数分别是 n(1−y)2\frac{n(1-y)}{2},nx2\frac{nx}{2},和 n(1−x)2\frac{n(1-x)}{2}。
这四个数都必须是正整数。因此 nn 是偶数,并且 X=(2in,2jn),1≤i,j≤n2−1。 \begin{gathered} X=\left(\dfrac{2i}{n},\dfrac{2j}{n}\right), \\ 1\le i,j\le\dfrac n2-1 \end{gathered}\text{。}反过来,按上述数量把每条边等分,并将分点连接到 XX,就会得到 nn 个等面积三角形。因此这些恰好是分割点。
当 n=100n=100 时,这些点为 (i50,j50)(\frac{i}{50},\frac{j}{50}),其中 1≤i,j≤491\le i,j\le49,共 492=240149^2=2401 个。这样的点同时也是 6060 射线分割点,当且仅当对某些整数 c,dc,d,有 i50=c30\frac{i}{50}=\frac{c}{30} 且 j50=d30\frac{j}{50}=\frac{d}{30}。因此 ii 和 jj 都必须是 55 的倍数。每个坐标有 99 种选择,所以重合的点有 92=819^2=81 个。
所以所求数量为 2401−81=23202401 - 81 = 2320。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Scale the square to [0,1]2[0,1]^2 and write X=(x,y).X=(x,y). The rays must include those through the four vertices. Every small triangle has area 1n.\frac{1}{n}. The triangles whose bases partition the bottom side together have area y2,\frac{y}{2}, so their number is ny2.\frac{ny}{2}. Similarly, the numbers along the top, left, and right sides are n(1−y)2,\frac{n(1-y)}{2}, nx2,\frac{nx}{2}, and n(1−x)2.\frac{n(1-x)}{2}.
These four numbers must be positive integers. Hence nn is even and X=(2in,2jn),1≤i,j≤n2−1. \begin{gathered} X=\left(\dfrac{2i}{n},\dfrac{2j}{n}\right), \\ 1\le i,j\le\dfrac n2-1. \end{gathered} Conversely, partitioning each side into the indicated number of equal segments and joining the division points to XX produces nn equal-area triangles. Thus these are exactly the partitional points.
For n=100,n=100, the points are (i50,j50)(\frac{i}{50},\frac{j}{50}) with 1≤i,j≤49,1\le i,j\le49, giving 492=2401.49^2=2401. Such a point is also 6060-ray partitional exactly when i50=c30\frac{i}{50}=\frac{c}{30} and j50=d30\frac{j}{50}=\frac{d}{30} for integers c,d.c,d. Thus ii and jj must both be multiples of 5.5. There are 99 choices for each, so the overlap has 92=819^2=81 points.
So the count is 2401−81=2320.2401 - 81 = 2320.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
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