2009 AMC 12B 第 8 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

8.

当一个桶装满三分之二的水时,桶和水共重 aa 千克。当桶装满一半的水时,总重量为 bb 千克。用 aabb, 表示,当桶装满水时的总重量是多少千克?

When a bucket is two-thirds full of water, the bucket and water weigh aa kilograms. When the bucket is one-half full of water the total weight is bb kilograms. In terms of aa and b,b, what is the total weight in kilograms when the bucket is full of water?

23a+13b\dfrac{2}{3}a + \dfrac{1}{3}b

32a12b\dfrac{3}{2}a - \dfrac{1}{2}b

32a+b\dfrac{3}{2}a + b

32a+2b\dfrac{3}{2}a + 2b

3a2b3a - 2b

答案:E
知识点:方程组换元法
难度评级:1370
解答:

xx 为空桶重量,yy 为满桶水的水重。则 x+23y=ax + \dfrac{2}{3}y = a,且 x+12y=bx + \dfrac{1}{2}y = b

两式相减得 16y=ab\dfrac{1}{6}y = a - b,所以 y=6a6by = 6a - 6b,且 x=b12y=4b3ax = b - \dfrac{1}{2}y = 4b - 3a。满桶总重量为 x+y=3a2bx + y = 3a - 2b

所以正确答案是 E

Let xx be the bucket's weight and yy the weight of a full bucket of water. Then x+23y=ax + \dfrac{2}{3}y = a and x+12y=b.x + \dfrac{1}{2}y = b.

Subtracting gives 16y=ab,\dfrac{1}{6}y = a - b, so y=6a6by = 6a - 6b and x=b12y=4b3a.x = b - \dfrac{1}{2}y = 4b - 3a. The full weight is x+y=3a2b.x + y = 3a - 2b.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

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