2006 AMC 12B 第 9 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

9.

有多少个三位偶数满足:从左到右读,它们的各位数字严格递增?

How many even three-digit integers have the property that their digits, read left to right, are in strictly increasing order?

2121

3434

5151

7272

150150

答案:B
知识点:数字组合分类讨论
难度评级:1390
解答:

设三个数字为 a<b<ca \lt b \lt c,且 cc 为偶数。因为 a1a \geq 1,没有数字为零,并且 c2c \neq 2(没有两个更小的非零数字可选)。

一旦个位数字 cc 固定,任意两个小于它的不同数字都能按递增顺序唯一排列。因此每个 cc 的计数是 (c12)\binom{c-1}{2}

c=4,6,8c = 4, 6, 8 分别计数,得到 (32)+(52)+(72)=3+10+21=34. \begin{aligned} &\binom{3}{2} + \binom{5}{2} \\ &\quad {}+ \binom{7}{2} = 3 + 10 + 21 \\ &\quad = 34. \end{aligned}

因此,正确答案是 B

Let the digits be a<b<ca \lt b \lt c with cc even. Since a1,a \geq 1, no digit is zero, and c2c \neq 2 (there is no room for two smaller nonzero digits).

Once the units digit cc is fixed, any two distinct digits below it can be arranged in increasing order in exactly one way. So the count for each cc is (c12).\binom{c-1}{2}.

For c=4,6,8c = 4, 6, 8 this gives (32)+(52)+(72)=3+10+21=34. \begin{aligned} &\binom{3}{2} + \binom{5}{2} \\ &\quad {}+ \binom{7}{2} = 3 + 10 + 21 \\ &\quad = 34. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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