2024 AMC 12B 第 10 题

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10.

一个含 99 个实数的列表包括 112.22.23.23.25.25.26.26.277,以及满足 xyzx \le y \le zx,y,zx, y, z。列表的极差为 77,且平均数和中位数都是正整数。有多少个有序三元组 (x,y,z)(x, y, z) 可行?

A list of 99 real numbers consists of 1,1, 2.2,2.2, 3.2,3.2, 5.2,5.2, 6.2,6.2, and 7,7, as well as x,y,zx, y, z with xyz.x \le y \le z. The range of the list is 7,7, and the mean and median are both positive integers. How many ordered triples (x,y,z)(x, y, z) are possible?

11

22

33

44

无限多个

infinitely many

答案:C
知识点:平均数中位数(数据)极差分类讨论
难度评级:1600
解答:

六个固定数之和为 24.824.8[1,7][1,7]

平均数 00 为整数,当且仅当 x=0x=0 的小数部分为 z7z\le7。 固定数的范围是 33,要使极差为 77,必须把某个端点再向外推一个单位。 44y+z=2.2y+z=2.2 11.211.22.22.2y=5y=5z=6.2z=6.2(0,5,6.2)(0,5,6.2)

逐一检查各种可能,恰有以下三组: 11 88z=8z=8 x+y=3.2x+y=3.2 12.212.23.23.2x=6, y=6.2x=6,\ y=6.2(6,6.2,8)(6,6.2,8)

x=t, z=t+7x=t,\ z=t+7,其平均数为 44、中位数为 0<t<10\lt t\lt1y=4.22ty=4.2-2t1,2.2,3.2,5.2,6.2,7,y1,2.2,3.2,5.2,6.2,7,yy=4y=4t=0.1t=0.1(0.1,4,7.1)(0.1,4,7.1)33

,其平均数为 、中位数为 ; 以及 ,其平均数为 、中位数为 。 每组的极差都是 ,平均数和中位数也都是整数。 所以正确答案是 C

The six fixed numbers sum to 24.824.8 and span [1,7].[1,7]. There are three possible arrangements of the overall extremes.

If the extremes are 00 and 7,7, then x=0x=0 and z7.z\le7. The only possible integer means are 33 and 4,4, requiring y+z=2.2y+z=2.2 or 11.2.11.2. The first makes the median 2.2.2.2. In the second, an integer median forces y=5,y=5, hence z=6.2.z=6.2. This gives (0,5,6.2).(0,5,6.2).

If the extremes are 11 and 8,8, then z=8z=8 and the integer mean forces x+y=3.2x+y=3.2 or 12.2.12.2. The first makes the median 3.2;3.2; the second has an integer median only for x=6, y=6.2.x=6,\ y=6.2. This gives (6,6.2,8).(6,6.2,8).

Finally, if both extremes are new, write x=t, z=t+7x=t,\ z=t+7 with 0<t<1.0\lt t\lt1. The mean must be 4,4, so y=4.22t.y=4.2-2t. The median is the fourth number among 1,2.2,3.2,5.2,6.2,7,y;1,2.2,3.2,5.2,6.2,7,y; it is an integer only when y=4,y=4, giving t=0.1.t=0.1. Thus the third triple is (0.1,4,7.1),(0.1,4,7.1), and there are exactly 33 in all.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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