2023 AMC 12A 第 15 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

15.

Usain 为了锻炼,在一块 100100 米乘 3030 米的矩形场地中之字形行走,从点 AA 出发并在 BC\overline{BC} 上结束。他想像下图所示(APQRSAPQRS)通过之字形增加行走距离。什么角 θ=PAB\theta=\angle PAB =QPC=\angle QPC =RQB==\angle RQB=\cdots 会使路径长度为 120120 米?(不要假设之字形路径恰好有图中所示的四段;段数可能更多或更少。)

Usain is walking for exercise by zigzagging across a 100100-meter by 3030-meter rectangular field, beginning at point AA and ending on the segment BC.\overline{BC}. He wants to increase the distance walked by zigzagging as shown in the figure below (APQRSAPQRS). What angle θ=PAB\theta=\angle PAB =QPC=\angle QPC =RQB==\angle RQB=\cdots will produce a length that is 120120 meters? (Do not assume the zigzag path has exactly four segments as shown; there could be more or fewer.)

arccos56\arccos\tfrac{5}{6}

arccos45\arccos\tfrac{4}{5}

arccos310\arccos\tfrac{3}{10}

arcsin45\arcsin\tfrac{4}{5}

arcsin56\arcsin\tfrac{5}{6}

答案:A
知识点:三角学直角三角形
难度评级:1800
解答:

之字形的每一段都与场地的水平边成角 θ\theta。因此,长度为 ss 的一段在水平方向前进 scosθs\cos\theta 米。即使最后一段在横跨场地完整宽度之前结束,这一点仍然成立。

将整条 120120 米路径的水平投影相加,得到 120cosθ=100.120\cos\theta=100.

所以 cosθ=56,\cos\theta=\dfrac56,从而 θ=arccos56.\theta=\arccos\dfrac56.

因此,正确答案是 A

Every segment of the zigzag makes angle θ\theta with a horizontal side of the field. Therefore a segment of length ss advances scosθs\cos\theta meters horizontally. This remains true for the last segment even if it ends before crossing the full width of the field.

Adding the horizontal projections over the entire 120120-meter path gives 120cosθ=100.120\cos\theta=100.

Therefore cosθ=56,\cos\theta=\dfrac56, so θ=arccos56.\theta=\arccos\dfrac56.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

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