2021 AMC 12A Spring 第 22 题

先试着解答 2021 AMC 12A Spring 第 22 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2021 AMC 12A Spring 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

22.

假设多项式 P(x)=x3+ax2+bx+cP(x) = x^3 + ax^2 + bx + c 的根为 cos2π7\cos\tfrac{2\pi}{7}cos4π7\cos\tfrac{4\pi}{7}cos6π7\cos\tfrac{6\pi}{7},其中角度以弧度计。求 abcabc

Suppose that the roots of the polynomial P(x)=x3+ax2+bx+cP(x) = x^3 + ax^2 + bx + c are cos2π7,\cos\tfrac{2\pi}{7}, cos4π7,\cos\tfrac{4\pi}{7}, and cos6π7,\cos\tfrac{6\pi}{7}, where angles are in radians. What is abc?abc?

349-\dfrac{3}{49}

128-\dfrac{1}{28}

7364\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{7}}{64}

132\dfrac{1}{32}

128\dfrac{1}{28}

答案:D
知识点:单位根多项式韦达定理
难度评级:2450
解答:

r1,r2,r3r_1,r_2,r_3r1+r2+r3=12r_1+r_2+r_3=-\tfrac12ri2=32+12ri=54\sum r_i^2=\tfrac32+\tfrac12\sum r_i=\tfrac54r1r2+r1r3+r2r3r_1r_2+r_1r_3+r_2r_3 的三个根。 12((ri)2ri2)=12\tfrac12((\sum r_i)^2-\sum r_i^2)=-\tfrac12

除以 4r1r2r3=1+r1+r2+r3=124r_1r_2r_3=1+r_1+r_2+r_3=\tfrac12 得到首一形式: r1r2r3=18r_1r_2r_3=\tfrac18x3+12x212x18=0. x^3 + \tfrac12 x^2 - \tfrac12 x - \tfrac18 = 0.

对比系数得 a=12a = \tfrac12b=12b = -\tfrac12c=18c = -\tfrac18。 因此 abc=12(12)(18)=132abc = \tfrac12\cdot\left(-\tfrac12\right)\cdot\left(-\tfrac18\right) = \tfrac{1}{32}

因此,正确答案是 D

Let the three roots be r1,r2,r3.r_1,r_2,r_3. The seventh roots of unity give r1+r2+r3=12.r_1+r_2+r_3=-\tfrac12. Doubling the three angles merely permutes their cosines, so ri2=32+12ri=54.\sum r_i^2=\tfrac32+\tfrac12\sum r_i=\tfrac54. Hence r1r2+r1r3+r2r3r_1r_2+r_1r_3+r_2r_3 equals 12((ri)2ri2)=12.\tfrac12((\sum r_i)^2-\sum r_i^2)=-\tfrac12.

The product-to-sum identity gives 4r1r2r3=1+r1+r2+r3=12,4r_1r_2r_3=1+r_1+r_2+r_3=\tfrac12, so r1r2r3=18.r_1r_2r_3=\tfrac18. Therefore their monic polynomial is x3+12x212x18=0. x^3 + \tfrac12 x^2 - \tfrac12 x - \tfrac18 = 0.

Matching coefficients, a=12,a = \tfrac12, b=12,b = -\tfrac12, c=18.c = -\tfrac18. Therefore abc=12(12)(18)=132.abc = \tfrac12\cdot\left(-\tfrac12\right)\cdot\left(-\tfrac18\right) = \tfrac{1}{32}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

← 第 21 题#21
完整试卷

其他年份的第 22 题