2021 AMC 12A Spring 第 22 题

先试着解答 2021 AMC 12A Spring 第 22 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2021 AMC 12A Spring 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

22.

假设多项式 P(x)=x3+ax2+bx+cP(x) = x^3 + ax^2 + bx + c 的根为 cos⁡2π7\cos\tfrac{2\pi}{7}、cos⁡4π7\cos\tfrac{4\pi}{7} 和 cos⁡6π7\cos\tfrac{6\pi}{7},其中角度以弧度计。求 abcabc。
Suppose that the roots of the polynomial P(x)=x3+ax2+bx+cP(x) = x^3 + ax^2 + bx + c are cos⁡2π7,\cos\tfrac{2\pi}{7}, cos⁡4π7,\cos\tfrac{4\pi}{7}, and cos⁡6π7,\cos\tfrac{6\pi}{7}, where angles are in radians. What is abc?abc?
−349-\dfrac{3}{49}
−128-\dfrac{1}{28}
7364\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{7}}{64}
132\dfrac{1}{32}
128\dfrac{1}{28}
答案:D
知识点:单位根多项式韦达定理
小提示:
这三个余弦值是 8x3+4x2−4x−1=08x^3 + 4x^2 - 4x - 1 = 0 的根
The three cosines are the roots of 8x3+4x2−4x−1=08x^3 + 4x^2 - 4x - 1 = 0
大提示:
除以 88 来匹配 x3+ax2+bx+cx^3 + ax^2 + bx + c,直接读出 a,b,ca, b, c。
Divide by 88 to match x3+ax2+bx+c,x^3 + ax^2 + bx + c, reading off a,b,ca, b, c directly
解答:
设三个根为 r1,r2,r3r_1,r_2,r_3。由七次单位根可得 r1+r2+r3=−12r_1+r_2+r_3=-\tfrac12。把这三个角都加倍只是把它们的余弦值重新排列,所以 ∑ri2=32+12∑ri=54\sum r_i^2=\tfrac32+\tfrac12\sum r_i=\tfrac54。于是 r1r2+r1r3+r2r3r_1r_2+r_1r_3+r_2r_3 等于 12((∑ri)2−∑ri2)=−12\tfrac12((\sum r_i)^2-\sum r_i^2)=-\tfrac12。
由积化和差公式得 4r1r2r3=1+r1+r2+r3=124r_1r_2r_3=1+r_1+r_2+r_3=\tfrac12,所以 r1r2r3=18r_1r_2r_3=\tfrac18。因此它们的首一多项式为 x3+12x2−12x−18=0。 x^3 + \tfrac12 x^2 - \tfrac12 x - \tfrac18 = 0\text{。}
对比系数得 a=12a = \tfrac12,b=−12b = -\tfrac12,c=−18c = -\tfrac18。因此 abc=12⋅(−12)⋅(−18)=132abc = \tfrac12\cdot\left(-\tfrac12\right)\cdot\left(-\tfrac18\right) = \tfrac{1}{32}。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Let the three roots be r1,r2,r3.r_1,r_2,r_3. The seventh roots of unity give r1+r2+r3=−12.r_1+r_2+r_3=-\tfrac12. Doubling the three angles merely permutes their cosines, so ∑ri2=32+12∑ri=54.\sum r_i^2=\tfrac32+\tfrac12\sum r_i=\tfrac54. Hence r1r2+r1r3+r2r3r_1r_2+r_1r_3+r_2r_3 equals 12((∑ri)2−∑ri2)=−12.\tfrac12((\sum r_i)^2-\sum r_i^2)=-\tfrac12.
The product-to-sum identity gives 4r1r2r3=1+r1+r2+r3=12,4r_1r_2r_3=1+r_1+r_2+r_3=\tfrac12, so r1r2r3=18.r_1r_2r_3=\tfrac18. Therefore their monic polynomial is x3+12x2−12x−18=0. x^3 + \tfrac12 x^2 - \tfrac12 x - \tfrac18 = 0.
Matching coefficients, a=12,a = \tfrac12, b=−12,b = -\tfrac12, c=−18.c = -\tfrac18. Therefore abc=12⋅(−12)⋅(−18)=132.abc = \tfrac12\cdot\left(-\tfrac12\right)\cdot\left(-\tfrac18\right) = \tfrac{1}{32}.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
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