2011 AMC 12A 第 25 题

先试着解答 2011 AMC 12A 第 25 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2011 AMC 12A 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

25.

三角形 ABCABC 满足 BAC=60\angle BAC = 60^\circCBA90\angle CBA \le 90^\circBC=1BC = 1, 且 ACABAC \ge AB。 设 HHII, 和 OO 分别为 ABC\triangle ABC 的垂心、内心和外心。假设五边形 BCOIHBCOIH 的面积达到最大可能值。求 CBA\angle CBA

Triangle ABCABC has BAC=60,\angle BAC = 60^\circ, CBA90,\angle CBA \le 90^\circ, BC=1,BC = 1, and ACAB.AC \ge AB. Let H,H, I,I, and OO be the orthocenter, incenter, and circumcenter of ABC,\triangle ABC, respectively. Assume that the area of the pentagon BCOIHBCOIH is the maximum possible. What is CBA?\angle CBA?

6060^\circ

7272^\circ

7575^\circ

8080^\circ

9090^\circ

答案:D
知识点:外接圆、外心与外接圆半径最优化三角学
难度评级:2840
解答:

B=CBAB=\angle CBA,并令 C=BCA=120B.C=\angle BCA=120^\circ-B. 因为 ACAB,AC\ge AB, 所以 BC,B\ge C,从而 60B90.60^\circ\le B\le90^\circ. 标准角度公式给出 BOC=2A=120,BHC=180A=120,BIC=90+A2=120. \begin{aligned} \angle BOC&=2\angle A=120^\circ, \\ \angle BHC&=180^\circ-\angle A=120^\circ, \\ \angle BIC&=90^\circ+\dfrac{\angle A}{2}=120^\circ. \end{aligned} 因此 B,C,O,I,HB,C,O,I,H 位于同一个圆上。

此外,BC=1BC=1A=60A=60^\circ 确定外接圆半径 OB=OC=1/3,OB=OC=1/\sqrt3,所以 BCO\triangle BCO 以及经过 B,C,OB,C,O 的圆都是固定的。在 CC 处追角可得 OCI=30C2,ICH=30C2. \begin{aligned} \angle OCI&=30^\circ-\dfrac C2, \\ \angle ICH&=30^\circ-\dfrac C2. \end{aligned} 因此相应的弦满足 OI=IH.OI=IH.

五边形面积等于固定面积 [BCO][BCO] 加上 [BOIH].[BOIH]. 当两个点分割固定弧 OB,OB, 时,圆内接四边形在三段连续小弧相等时面积最大(等价地,使它们的正弦和最大)。因此在最大值处有 OI=IH=HB.OI=IH=HB.

BOC,\triangle BOC, 中,OCB=30.\angle OCB=30^\circ. 等弦使 OCI=ICH,\angle OCI=\angle ICH,ICH=HCB,\angle ICH=\angle HCB,所以这些角都等于 10.10^\circ. 因此 30C2=10,30^\circ-\tfrac C2=10^\circ,C=40C=40^\circB=80.B=80^\circ.

因此,正确答案是 D

Write B=CBAB=\angle CBA and C=BCA=120B.C=\angle BCA=120^\circ-B. Since ACAB,AC\ge AB, we have BC,B\ge C, so 60B90.60^\circ\le B\le90^\circ. The standard angle formulas give BOC=2A=120,BHC=180A=120,BIC=90+A2=120. \begin{aligned} \angle BOC&=2\angle A=120^\circ, \\ \angle BHC&=180^\circ-\angle A=120^\circ, \\ \angle BIC&=90^\circ+\dfrac{\angle A}{2}=120^\circ. \end{aligned} Hence B,C,O,I,HB,C,O,I,H lie on one circle.

Also BC=1BC=1 and A=60A=60^\circ fix the circumradius OB=OC=1/3,OB=OC=1/\sqrt3, so BCO\triangle BCO and the circle through B,C,OB,C,O are fixed. Angle chasing at CC gives OCI=30C2,ICH=30C2. \begin{aligned} \angle OCI&=30^\circ-\dfrac C2, \\ \angle ICH&=30^\circ-\dfrac C2. \end{aligned} Thus the corresponding chords satisfy OI=IH.OI=IH.

The pentagon's area is the fixed area [BCO][BCO] plus [BOIH].[BOIH]. For two points dividing a fixed arc OB,OB, an inscribed quadrilateral has greatest area when its three consecutive subarcs are equal (equivalently, maximize the sum of their sines). Hence at the maximum OI=IH=HB.OI=IH=HB.

In BOC,\triangle BOC, OCB=30.\angle OCB=30^\circ. Equal chords make OCI=ICH,\angle OCI=\angle ICH, ICH=HCB,\angle ICH=\angle HCB, and each of these angles is 10.10^\circ. Therefore 30C2=10,30^\circ-\tfrac C2=10^\circ, so C=40C=40^\circ and B=80.B=80^\circ.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

← 第 24 题#24
完整试卷

其他年份的第 25 题