2010 AMC 12A 第 22 题

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22.

求 的最小值。 f(x)=x1+2x1+3x1++119x1? \begin{gathered} f(x) = |x-1|+|2x-1| \\ {}+|3x-1|+\cdots+|119x-1|? \end{gathered}

What is the minimum value of f(x)=x1+2x1+3x1++119x1? \begin{gathered} f(x) = |x-1|+|2x-1| \\ {}+|3x-1|+\cdots+|119x-1|? \end{gathered}

4949

5050

5151

5252

5353

答案:A
知识点:绝对值最优化求和
难度评级:2000
解答:

函数 ff 是分段线性的,断点在 x=1kx=\tfrac1k。在区间 [1m,1m1]\left[\tfrac1m,\tfrac1{m-1}\right] 上,它的斜率为 其中 7140=11912027140=\tfrac{119\cdot120}{2}k=m119kk=1m1k=7140(m1)m, \begin{aligned} &\sum_{k=m}^{119}k \\ &\quad {}-\sum_{k=1}^{m-1}k=7140-(m-1)m, \end{aligned}

(m1)m=7140(m-1)m=7140 时斜率为零,即 m=85m=85,所以最小值出现在右端点 x=184x=\tfrac1{84}

在那里,k84k\le84 的项贡献 84k84\tfrac{84-k}{84}k85k\ge85 的项贡献 k8484\tfrac{k-84}{84},所以 f(184)=348684+63084=41.5+7.5=49. \begin{aligned} f\left(\tfrac1{84}\right) &= \frac{3486}{84}+\frac{630}{84} \\ &= 41.5+7.5=49. \end{aligned}

所以正确答案是 A

The function ff is piecewise linear with breakpoints at x=1k.x=\tfrac1k. On the interval [1m,1m1]\left[\tfrac1m,\tfrac1{m-1}\right] its slope is k=m119kk=1m1k=7140(m1)m, \begin{aligned} &\sum_{k=m}^{119}k \\ &\quad {}-\sum_{k=1}^{m-1}k=7140-(m-1)m, \end{aligned} where 7140=1191202.7140=\tfrac{119\cdot120}{2}.

This slope is zero when (m1)m=7140,(m-1)m=7140, i.e. m=85,m=85, so the minimum occurs at the right endpoint x=184.x=\tfrac1{84}.

There, terms with k84k\le84 contribute 84k84\tfrac{84-k}{84} and terms with k85k\ge85 contribute k8484,\tfrac{k-84}{84}, so f(184)=348684+63084=41.5+7.5=49. \begin{aligned} f\left(\tfrac1{84}\right) &= \frac{3486}{84}+\frac{630}{84} \\ &= 41.5+7.5=49. \end{aligned}

Thus, A is the correct answer.

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