1999 AMC 12 第 10 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

10.

一个密封信封中有一张写着单个数字的卡片。下列四个命题中有三个为真,一个为假。

I. 这个数字是 11

II. 这个数字不是 22

III. 这个数字是 33

IV. 这个数字不是 44

下列哪一项必定正确?

A sealed envelope contains a card with a single digit on it. Three of the following statements are true, and the other is false.

I. The digit is 1.1.

II. The digit is not 2.2.

III. The digit is 3.3.

IV. The digit is not 4.4.

Which one of the following must necessarily be correct?

I 为真。

I is true.

I 为假。

I is false.

II 为真。

II is true.

III 为真。

III is true.

IV 为假。

IV is false.

答案:C
知识点:逻辑推理
难度评级:1370
解答:

命题 I 和 III 不可能同时为真,因此唯一的假命题必定是其中之一。

所以命题 II 和 IV 都为真,故“II 为真”必定正确。实际上数字只能是 1133。若是 11,选项 B 和 D 为假;若是 33,选项 A 为假;选项 E 总不正确。只有 C 必定成立。

所以正确答案是 C

Statements I and III cannot both be true, so the single false statement is one of them. Therefore statements II and IV are both true, which makes "II is true" necessarily correct.

The digit is thus 11 or 3.3. If it were 1,1, then (B) and (D) are false; if it were 3,3, then (A) is false; and (E) is always incorrect. Only (C) is guaranteed.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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