1999 AMC 12 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
2.
下列哪一个命题是假的?
Which one of the following statements is false?
所有等边三角形都彼此全等。
All equilateral triangles are congruent to each other.
所有等边三角形都是凸的。
All equilateral triangles are convex.
所有等边三角形都是等角的。
All equilateral triangles are equiangular.
所有等边三角形都是正多边形。
All equilateral triangles are regular polygons.
所有等边三角形都彼此相似。
All equilateral triangles are similar to each other.
小提示:
全等表示形状和大小都相同。
Congruent means the same shape and the same size
大提示:
等边三角形可以有不同边长。
Equilateral triangles can have different side lengths
解答:
边长为 和边长为 的等边三角形形状相同但大小不同,所以它们相似但不全等。每个等边三角形都是凸的、等角的(每个角都是 ),也是正多边形,因此唯一错误的命题是所有等边三角形都彼此全等。
所以正确答案是 A。
Equilateral triangles with side lengths and have the same shape but different sizes, so they are similar but not congruent. Every equilateral triangle is convex, equiangular (all angles ), and a regular polygon, so the only false statement is that they are all congruent.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
3.
4.
求 到 之间所有质数的和,这些质数同时满足:比某个 的倍数大 ,并且比某个 的倍数小 。
Find the sum of all prime numbers between and that are simultaneously greater than a multiple of and less than a multiple of
小提示:
比 的倍数小 的数个位为 或 。
A number less than a multiple of has units digit or
大提示:
同时满足 ,会迫使该数
Being also forces the number to be
解答:
比 的倍数小 的数个位为 或 ,而比 的倍数大 的数是奇数,所以这些数必须满足 。符合条件的数是 。
其中质数只有 和 ,和为 。
所以正确答案是 A。
A number that is less than a multiple of ends in or and one that is greater than a multiple of is odd. Together these give numbers namely
Among these, only and are prime, and their sum is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
5.
一本书的标价比建议零售价低 。Alice 在五十周年促销中以标价的一半买下这本书。Alice 支付的是建议零售价的百分之几?
The marked price of a book was less than the suggested retail price. Alice purchased the book for half the marked price at a Fiftieth Anniversary sale. What percent of the suggested retail price did Alice pay?
答案:C
小提示:
设建议零售价为 。
Let the suggested retail price be
大提示:
标价是 ,Alice 支付其中一半。
The marked price is and Alice pays half of that
解答:
若建议零售价为 ,则标价为 。Alice 支付其中一半,即 ,也就是建议零售价的 。
所以正确答案是 C。
If the suggested retail price is then the marked price is Alice pays half of this, which is of the suggested retail price.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
6.
求乘积 写成十进制形式时各位数字之和。
What is the sum of the digits of the decimal form of the product
7.
一个凸六边形最多可以有多少个锐角?
What is the largest number of acute angles that a convex hexagon can have?
小提示:
凸多边形的外角和为 。
The exterior angles of a convex polygon sum to
大提示:
一个锐内角对应一个大于 的外角。
An acute interior angle gives an exterior angle greater than
解答:
每个锐内角对应一个大于 的外角。因为凸多边形的外角和为 ,其中最多有三个外角能大于 。这个上界可以达到:取一个等边六边形,其外角交替为 和 。它的边方向分成两组三条,每组内相差 ,所以图形闭合;内角交替为 与 。因此最大可能数为三。
所以正确答案是 B。
Each acute interior angle corresponds to an exterior angle greater than Since the exterior angles of a convex polygon sum to at most three of them can exceed This bound is attainable: take a hexagon with equal side lengths and exterior angles alternating and Its edge directions split into two triples apart, so it closes, and its interior angles alternate between and Hence the largest possible number is three.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
8.
在 年底,Walter 的年龄是他祖母年龄的一半。他们出生年份之和为 。到 年底,Walter 几岁?
At the end of Walter was half as old as his grandmother. The sum of the years in which they were born is How old will Walter be at the end of
小提示:
设 Walter 在 年底为 岁,他祖母为 岁。
Let Walter be and his grandmother at the end of
大提示:
他们的出生年份分别为 和
Their birth years are and
解答:
设 Walter 在 年底为 岁,则祖母为 岁。两人的出生年份为 和 ,且 因此 ,得 。
到 年底,Walter 年龄为 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Let Walter be years old at the end of so his grandmother is Their birth years are and and This gives so
At the end of Walter will be
Thus, the correct answer is D.
9.
Ashley 开始三小时车程前,汽车里程表读数为 ,这是一个回文数,也就是从左到右和从右到左读都相同。到达目的地时,里程表又显示另一个回文数。若 Ashley 从未超过每小时 英里的限速,下列哪个是她最大的可能平均速度?
Before Ashley started a three-hour drive, her car’s odometer reading was a palindrome. (A palindrome is a number that reads the same way from left to right as it does from right to left.) At her destination, the odometer reading was another palindrome. If Ashley never exceeded the speed limit of miles per hour, which of the following was her greatest possible average speed?
小提示:
列出 之后的几个回文数。
List the palindromes just above
大提示:
在 小时内,行驶距离不能超过 英里。
The distance in hours cannot exceed miles
解答:
之后的回文数依次为 和 。三小时内最多行驶 英里。
到 需要行驶 英里,太远。到 需要行驶 英里,平均速度为 英里每小时。
所以正确答案是 D。
The palindromes after are and In three hours Ashley can drive at most miles.
Reaching would require miles, which is too far. Reaching requires miles, giving average speed miles per hour.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
10.
一个密封信封中有一张写着单个数字的卡片。下列四个命题中有三个为真,一个为假。
I. 这个数字是 。
II. 这个数字不是 。
III. 这个数字是 。
IV. 这个数字不是 。
下列哪一项必定正确?
A sealed envelope contains a card with a single digit on it. Three of the following statements are true, and the other is false.
I. The digit is
II. The digit is not
III. The digit is
IV. The digit is not
Which one of the following must necessarily be correct?
为真。
is true.
为假。
is false.
为真。
is true.
为真。
is true.
为假。
is false.
答案:C
小提示:
命题 I 和 III 不可能同时为真。
Statements I and III cannot both be true
大提示:
恰好只有一个命题为假,所以假的命题是 I 或 III。
Exactly one statement is false, so the false one is I or III
解答:
命题 I 和 III 不可能同时为真,因此唯一的假命题必定是其中之一。
所以命题 II 和 IV 都为真,故“II 为真”必定正确。实际上数字只能是 或 。若是 ,选项 B 和 D 为假;若是 ,选项 A 为假;选项 E 总不正确。只有 C 必定成立。
所以正确答案是 C。
Statements I and III cannot both be true, so the single false statement is one of them. Therefore statements II and IV are both true, which makes “II is true” necessarily correct.
The digit is thus or If it were then (B) and (D) are false; if it were then (A) is false; and (E) is always incorrect. Only (C) is guaranteed.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
11.
Olympic High 的学生储物柜从 号开始连续编号。用于给储物柜编号的塑料数字每个花费 美分。因此,标记 号柜需要 美分,标记 号柜需要 美分。若给所有储物柜编号共花费 ,学校有多少个储物柜?
The student lockers at Olympic High are numbered consecutively beginning with locker number The plastic digits used to number the lockers cost cents apiece. Thus, it costs cents to label locker number and cents to label locker number If it costs to label all the lockers, how many lockers are there at the school?
小提示:
用总费用除以每个数字的费用,得到使用的数字个数。
Divide the total cost by the cost per digit to get the number of digits
大提示:
先减去编号 -、-、- 使用的数字数。
Subtract the digits used by lockers - - and -
解答:
总共使用 个数字。编号 到 使用 个数字, 到 使用 个数字, 到 使用 个数字。
剩余数字数为 ,可编号 个四位数储物柜。所以总数为 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Labeling costs digits. Lockers - use digits, lockers - use digits, and lockers - use digits.
The remaining digits number which label four-digit lockers. In all there are lockers.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
12.
若两个不同的四次多项式函数 和 的首项系数都为 ,则它们的图像最多有多少个交点?
What is the maximum number of points of intersection of the graphs of two different fourth degree polynomial functions and each with leading coefficient
小提示:
交点出现在 的地方。
Intersections occur where
大提示:
中的最高次 项会抵消。
The leading terms cancel in
解答:
交点的 坐标是 的根。由于两个四次多项式首项系数都为 ,相减时 项抵消,所以 次数至多为 ,最多有 个实根。这个上界可以达到,例如取 和 ,它们的图像在 处相交。
所以正确答案是 C。
The -coordinates of the intersection points are the roots of Because both leading coefficients are the terms cancel, so has degree at most and therefore at most roots. The bound is attainable, for example by taking and whose graphs intersect at
Thus, the correct answer is C.
13.
定义实数列 ,,,,其中 ,且对所有 有 。则 等于
Define a sequence of real numbers by and for all Then equals
以上都不是
none of these
14.
Mary、Alina、Tina 和 Hanna 四个女孩在音乐会上以三人组合唱歌,每首歌有一个女孩不唱。Hanna 唱了 首,比任何其他女孩都多;Mary 唱了 首,比任何其他女孩都少。这些三人组合一共唱了多少首歌?
Four girls — Mary, Alina, Tina, and Hanna — sang songs in a concert as trios, with one girl sitting out each time. Hanna sang songs, which was more than any other girl, and Mary sang songs, which was fewer than any other girl. How many songs did these trios sing?
小提示:
每首歌有 人唱,所以总演唱人次为 。
Each song has singers, so the total number of girl-appearances is
大提示:
Alina 和 Tina 各唱 或 首,总人次必须是 的倍数。
Alina and Tina each sang or and the total must be a multiple of
解答:
若共唱 首歌,则总演唱人次为 。Alina 和 Tina 的演唱次数都严格介于 和 之间,所以各为 或 。
因此 ,可能为 ,或 。只有 是 的倍数,所以 。
所以正确答案是 A。
If songs are sung, the total number of girl-appearances is Alina and Tina each sang strictly between and so each sang or
Then which is or Only is a multiple of so
Thus, the correct answer is A.
15.
16.
一个对角线长分别为 和 的菱形内切圆半径是多少?
What is the radius of a circle inscribed in a rhombus with diagonals of length and
答案:C
小提示:
两条对角线把菱形分成四个 -- 直角三角形。
The diagonals cut the rhombus into four -- right triangles
大提示:
内切圆半径等于从菱形中心到一条边的高。
The inradius equals the altitude from the center to a side of the rhombus
解答:
半对角线为 和 ,所以菱形边长为 。对角线形成的四个直角三角形之一的直角边为 和 ,面积为 。
从中心到边长 的边的高为 ,这就是内切圆半径。
所以正确答案是 C。
The half-diagonals are and so each side of the rhombus is One of the four right triangles formed by the diagonals has legs and and area
The altitude from the center to the side of length is which is the inscribed circle’s radius.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
17.
设 是一个多项式,当 除以 时余数为 ,当 除以 时余数为 。当 除以 时,余数是多少?
Let be a polynomial such that when is divided by the remainder is and when is divided by the remainder is What is the remainder when is divided by
18.
函数 在区间 上有多少个零点?
How many zeros does have on the interval
无限多个
infinitely many
小提示:
当 在 中变化时, 取哪些值?
As ranges over what values does take?
大提示:
覆盖所有负数,而余弦函数在负数中有无限多个零点。
covers all negative numbers, and cosine vanishes at infinitely many of them
解答:
当 在 中变化时, 覆盖所有负实数。余弦函数在 处为零,其中 取遍每个正整数,而这些值全都是负数,因此 有无限多个零点。
所以正确答案是 E。
As ranges over ranges over all negative real numbers. The cosine function is zero at for every positive integer all of which are negative, so has infinitely many zeros.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
19.
考虑所有满足下列条件的三角形 :,点 在线段 上,且 , 与 均为整数,且 。在所有这样的三角形中, 的最小可能值是
Consider all triangles satisfying the following conditions: is a point on for which and are integers, and Among all such triangles, the smallest possible value of is
小提示:
直角三角形 给出 。
Right triangle gives
大提示:
用 ,化简为 。
With reduce to
解答:
设 ,。因为 在 处为直角,。又 ,所以 化简为 。
正整数解为 ,此时 ;以及 ,此时 。因此 的最小可能值为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Let and Since is right-angled at Also so which simplifies to
The positive integer solutions are (giving ) and (giving ). The smallest possible value of is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
20.
数列 ,,, 满足 、,并且对所有 , 是前 项的算术平均数。求 。
The sequence satisfies and, for all is the arithmetic mean of the first terms. Find
21.
一个圆外接于边长为 , 和 的三角形,从而将圆内部划分为四个区域。令 、、 为三个非三角形区域的面积,其中 最大。则
A circle is circumscribed about a triangle with sides and thus dividing the interior of the circle into four regions. Let and be the areas of the non-triangular regions, with being the largest. Then
小提示:
检查 是否构成直角三角形。
Check whether form a right triangle
大提示:
斜边是直径,所以最大区域 是一个半圆。
The hypotenuse is a diameter, so the largest region is a semicircle
解答:
因为 ,该三角形为直角三角形,斜边 是外接圆直径。因此最大区域 是该直径一侧的半圆。
另一半圆由三角形以及区域 、 组成。两个半圆面积相等,而三角形面积为 ,所以
所以正确答案是 B。
Since the triangle is right-angled, and its hypotenuse of length is a diameter of the circle. Thus the largest region is the semicircle on one side of that diameter.
The other semicircle consists of the triangle together with regions and Since the two semicircles are congruent and the triangle has area we get
Thus, the correct answer is B.
22.
图像 和 相交于点 和 。求 。
The graphs of and intersect at points and Find
小提示:
第一个图像在 处取得最高点,第二个图像在 处取得最低点。
The first graph peaks at the second bottoms out at
大提示:
把交点满足的方程改写为 ,再利用对称性。
Rewrite the intersection equation as and use symmetry
解答:
在交点处有 ,即 因为两个交点彼此分离,它们分别位于以 和 为端点的区间的两侧。这两个解关于 对称。它们的 坐标为 和 ,所以 。
所以正确答案是 C。
At an intersection, or Because there are two isolated intersections, they lie on opposite sides of the interval with endpoints and The two solutions are symmetric about Their -coordinates are and so
Thus, the correct answer is C.
23.
等角凸六边形 满足 、、、。该六边形面积为
The equiangular convex hexagon has and The area of the hexagon is
小提示:
延长交替的边,将六边形包在一个大等边三角形中。
Extend alternate sides to enclose the hexagon in a large equilateral triangle
大提示:
从大等边三角形中减去三个小等边角三角形。
Subtract three small equilateral corner triangles from the large one
解答:
等角六边形的每个内角为 。延长边 与 、 与 、 与 ,会形成一个大等边三角形,并切去三个等边小角三角形。
设 ,。把六条边按彼此相差 的方向分解,可得 和 ,所以 ,。于是建立在 和 上的角三角形都是等边三角形。大三角形的边长为 ,而被切去的三角形边长分别为 和 。所以面积为
所以正确答案是 E。
Each interior angle is so extending sides and and and and cuts off three equilateral corner triangles and forms a large equilateral triangle.
Let and Resolving the six sides in directions separated by gives and so and The corner triangles built on and are therefore equilateral. The large triangle has side while the removed triangles have sides and The area is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
24.
给定圆上的六个点。从连接这六点两两之间的弦中随机选择四条。四条弦构成一个凸四边形的概率是多少?
Six points on a circle are given. Four of the chords joining pairs of the six points are selected at random. What is the probability that the four chords form a convex quadrilateral?
小提示:
从 个圆上点中任选 个,恰好确定一个凸四边形。
Any of the points determine exactly one convex quadrilateral
大提示:
先数从 条弦中选 条的所有方式。
Count all ways to choose chords from the chords
解答:
共有 条弦,因此选择四条弦的方法数为 。四条弦形成凸四边形,当且仅当它们是某 个圆上点所形成四边形的四条边。
任选四个点恰好给出一个这样的四边形,所以有利情况为 ,概率为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
There are chords, so ways to select four of them. A convex quadrilateral arises exactly when the four chords are the sides of a quadrilateral on four of the six points, and each choice of points gives exactly one such quadrilateral.
Hence there are favorable outcomes, and the probability is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
25.
存在唯一的整数 ,,,,,,使得
其中对 ,,, 有 。求 。
There are unique integers such that
where for Find
小提示:
两边同乘
Multiply both sides by
大提示:
依次模 、模 、模 ,逐个取出数字。
Reduce modulo then then to peel off one digit at a time
解答:
两边乘以 ,得 模 得 。
再计算 。模 得 ,继续同样步骤得到 。
所求和为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Multiplying by gives Reducing modulo
Then Reducing modulo gives and continuing this way yields
The sum is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
26.
三个不重叠的正多边形,至少两个全等,边长都为 。这些多边形在点 处相接,使得在 处的三个内角之和为 。于是这三个多边形形成一个新的多边形,且 为内部点。这个新多边形的最大可能周长是多少?
Three non-overlapping regular plane polygons, at least two of which are congruent, all have sides of length The polygons meet at a point in such a way that the sum of the three interior angles at is Thus the three polygons form a new polygon with as an interior point. What is the largest possible perimeter that this polygon can have?
小提示:
若有两个 边形和一个 边形,则 。
With two -gons and one -gon,
大提示:
化简为 。
This simplifies to
解答:
设两个全等的多边形为正 边形,另一个为正 边形,在点 处相接。内角条件为 化简得 。
解为 等于 或 。新多边形的周长为 ,分别等于 和 。最大值为 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Let two congruent -gons and one -gon meet at Their interior angles satisfy which reduces to
The solutions are and The new polygon’s perimeter is giving and The largest is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
27.
在三角形 中,,且 。则 的度数为
In triangle and Then in degrees is
小提示:
将两个方程分别平方后相加。
Square both equations and add them
大提示:
使用 得到 ,再排除一种情况。
Use to get then rule out one case
解答:
将两个方程平方后相加: 因此 ,所以 。
因为第三个内角与前两个内角之和互补,所以 ,即 或 。若 ,则 ,会使 ,产生矛盾。因此 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Squaring both equations and adding gives so and
Then so or If then making a contradiction. Hence
Thus, the correct answer is A.
28.
设 ,,, 是一个整数序列,满足:
(i) ,其中 ,,,,;
(ii) ;
(iii) 。
令 和 分别为 的最小和最大可能值。求 。
Let be a sequence of integers such that
(i) for ;
(ii) and
(iii)
Let and be the minimal and maximal possible values of respectively. What is
小提示:
令 分别表示 、、 的个数,零不影响总和。
Let count the s, s, and s (zeros do not matter)
大提示:
立方和为 ;对允许的 范围取极值。
The sum of cubes is optimize over the allowed range of
解答:
设 分别为 、、 的个数。则 ,且 ,解得 、,并且 。
立方和为 。最小值在 时为 ,最大值在 时为 。因此 。
所以正确答案是 E。
Let be the numbers of s, s, and s. Then and giving and with
The sum of cubes is The minimum is at (value ) and the maximum at (value ), so
Thus, the correct answer is E.
29.
一个四个面都是等边三角形的四面体内切一个球,并外接一个球。对四个面中的每一个面,都有一个球与该面在其中心处外切,并与外接球相切。随机选择外接球内部一点 。 落在这五个小球之一内部的概率最接近
A tetrahedron with four equilateral triangular faces has a sphere inscribed within it and a sphere circumscribed about it. For each of the four faces, there is a sphere tangent externally to the face at its center and to the circumscribed sphere. A point is selected at random inside the circumscribed sphere. The probability that lies inside one of the five small spheres is closest to
小提示:
对正四面体,外接球半径是内切球半径的 倍。
For a regular tetrahedron the circumradius is times the inradius
大提示:
五个小球中每个都与内切球体积相同。
Each of the five small spheres has the same volume as the inscribed sphere
解答:
设 为内切球和外接球的共同球心。从 把正四面体分成四个全等部分可知,外接球半径是内切球半径的 倍,所以外接球的体积是内切球体积 的 倍。
若其余四个小球之一的半径为 ,则它的球心到 的距离为 ;从 量起,这段距离同时又等于 ,所以 。这五个球的内部互不相交(中心球与其余四球分别相切),所以并集体积为 。概率为 ,最接近 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Let be the common center of the inscribed and circumscribed spheres. Splitting the tetrahedron into four congruent pieces from shows the circumradius is times the inradius, so the circumscribed sphere has times the inscribed sphere’s volume
If one of the four other small spheres has radius its center is from and also from so These five spheres have disjoint interiors (the central sphere is tangent to each of the other four), so their union has volume The probability is closest to
Thus, the correct answer is C.
30.
满足 的整数有序对 ,且
的个数等于
The number of ordered pairs of integers for which and
is equal to
小提示:
因为 ,方程可写成 。
Since the equation is
大提示:
使用恒等式 。
Use
解答:
令 ,方程变为 ,因式分解得
第二个因子等于 ,只在 时为 ,且满足 。
否则 。由 ,二者同为非负,得到 ,共 对。总计 对。
所以正确答案是 D。
Writing the equation becomes which factors as
The second factor equals which is only at this satisfies
Otherwise With both are nonnegative, giving which is pairs. Together there are solutions.
Thus, the correct answer is D.