2019 AMC 12B 第 8 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

8.

f(x)=x2(1x)2f(x)=x^2(1-x)^2。 求下列和的值:

f ⁣(12019)f ⁣(22019)+f ⁣(32019)f ⁣(42019)++f ⁣(20172019)f ⁣(20182019)? \begin{gathered} f\!\left(\tfrac{1}{2019}\right)-f\!\left(\tfrac{2}{2019}\right) \\ {}+f\!\left(\tfrac{3}{2019}\right)-f\!\left(\tfrac{4}{2019}\right) \\ {}+\cdots+f\!\left(\tfrac{2017}{2019}\right) \\ {}-f\!\left(\tfrac{2018}{2019}\right)? \end{gathered}

Let f(x)=x2(1x)2.f(x)=x^2(1-x)^2. What is the value of the sum

f ⁣(12019)f ⁣(22019)+f ⁣(32019)f ⁣(42019)++f ⁣(20172019)f ⁣(20182019)? \begin{gathered} f\!\left(\tfrac{1}{2019}\right)-f\!\left(\tfrac{2}{2019}\right) \\ {}+f\!\left(\tfrac{3}{2019}\right)-f\!\left(\tfrac{4}{2019}\right) \\ {}+\cdots+f\!\left(\tfrac{2017}{2019}\right) \\ {}-f\!\left(\tfrac{2018}{2019}\right)? \end{gathered}

00

120194\dfrac{1}{2019^4}

2018220194\dfrac{2018^2}{2019^4}

2020220194\dfrac{2020^2}{2019^4}

11

答案:A
知识点:对称性(代数)配对与分组
难度评级:1560
解答:

因为 f(1x)=(1x)2x2=f(x)f(1-x)=(1-x)^2x^2=f(x), 所以 f ⁣(k2019)=f ⁣(2019k2019)f\!\left(\tfrac{k}{2019}\right)=f\!\left(\tfrac{2019-k}{2019}\right)

在这个和中,指标为 kk 的项符号是 (1)k+1(-1)^{k+1},而指标为 2019k2019-k 的项数值相等,但符号是 (1)2019k+1=(1)k(-1)^{2019-k+1}=(-1)^{k},恰好相反。

每一项都与它的配对项抵消,所以总和为 00

所以正确答案是 A

Since f(1x)=(1x)2x2=f(x),f(1-x)=(1-x)^2x^2=f(x), we have f ⁣(k2019)=f ⁣(2019k2019).f\!\left(\tfrac{k}{2019}\right)=f\!\left(\tfrac{2019-k}{2019}\right).

In the sum, the term with index kk has sign (1)k+1,(-1)^{k+1}, while the term with index 2019k2019-k equals it in value but has sign (1)2019k+1=(1)k,(-1)^{2019-k+1}=(-1)^{k}, the opposite.

Every term cancels with its partner, so the total is 0.0.

Thus, A is the correct answer.

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