2008 AMC 12B 第 13 题

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13.

等边三角形 ABE\triangle ABE 的顶点 EE 在单位正方形 ABCDABCD 的内部。令 RR 为所有位于 ABCDABCD 内部、ABE\triangle ABE 外部,且到 AD\overline{AD} 的距离介于 13\tfrac{1}{3}23\tfrac{2}{3} 之间的点组成的区域。RR 的面积是多少?

Vertex EE of equilateral ABE\triangle ABE is in the interior of unit square ABCD.ABCD. Let RR be the region consisting of all points inside ABCDABCD and outside ABE\triangle ABE whose distance from AD\overline{AD} is between 13\tfrac{1}{3} and 23.\tfrac{2}{3}. What is the area of R?R?

125372\dfrac{12 - 5\sqrt{3}}{72}

125336\dfrac{12 - 5\sqrt{3}}{36}

318\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{18}

339\dfrac{3 - \sqrt{3}}{9}

312\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{12}

答案:B
知识点:坐标几何等边三角形微积分
难度评级:1730
解答:

A=(0,0)A = (0,0)B=(1,0)B = (1,0)C=(1,1)C = (1,1)D=(0,1)D = (0,1),则 AD\overline{AD}yy 轴上,到 AD\overline{AD} 的距离就是 xx 坐标。区域位于条带 13x23\tfrac13 \le x \le \tfrac23 中,该条带在正方形内的面积为 13\tfrac13

等边三角形 ABE\triangle ABEE=(12,32)E = \left(\tfrac12, \tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}\right),边 AEAEy=3xy = \sqrt3\,x 上,边 BEBEy=3(1x)y = \sqrt3(1 - x) 上。三角形在条带内的面积为 1/31/23xdx+1/22/33(1x)dx=21/31/23xdx=5336. \begin{aligned} &\int_{1/3}^{1/2} \sqrt3\,x\,dx \\ &\quad {}+ \int_{1/2}^{2/3} \sqrt3(1 - x)\,dx \\ &= 2\int_{1/3}^{1/2}\sqrt3\,x\,dx \\ &= \frac{5\sqrt3}{36}. \end{aligned}

因此 [R]=135336=125336. [R] = \frac13 - \frac{5\sqrt3}{36} = \frac{12 - 5\sqrt3}{36}.

因此,正确答案是 B

Place A=(0,0),A = (0,0), B=(1,0),B = (1,0), C=(1,1),C = (1,1), D=(0,1),D = (0,1), so AD\overline{AD} lies along the yy-axis and distance from AD\overline{AD} is the xx-coordinate. The region lies in the strip 13x23,\tfrac13 \le x \le \tfrac23, which within the square has area 13.\tfrac13.

Equilateral ABE\triangle ABE has E=(12,32),E = \left(\tfrac12, \tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}\right), with side AEAE on y=3xy = \sqrt3\,x and side BEBE on y=3(1x).y = \sqrt3(1 - x). The area of the triangle inside the strip is 1/31/23xdx+1/22/33(1x)dx=21/31/23xdx=5336. \begin{aligned} &\int_{1/3}^{1/2} \sqrt3\,x\,dx \\ &\quad {}+ \int_{1/2}^{2/3} \sqrt3(1 - x)\,dx \\ &= 2\int_{1/3}^{1/2}\sqrt3\,x\,dx \\ &= \frac{5\sqrt3}{36}. \end{aligned}

Therefore [R]=135336=125336. [R] = \frac13 - \frac{5\sqrt3}{36} = \frac{12 - 5\sqrt3}{36}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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