2024 AMC 12A 第 12 题

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12.

一个等比数列的前三项是整数 a, 720a,\ 720bb,其中 a<720<ba\lt720\lt bbb 的最小可能值的各位数字之和是多少?

The first three terms of a geometric sequence are the integers a, 720,a,\ 720, and b,b, where a<720<b.a\lt720\lt b. What is the sum of the digits of the least possible value of b?b?

99

1212

1616

1818

2121

答案:E
知识点:等比数列因数最优化
难度评级:1630
解答:

因为各项成等比数列,7202=ab,720^2=ab,所以 ab=518400=283452.ab=518400=2^8\cdot3^4\cdot5^2. 因为 b=518400/a,b=518400/a,要使 bb 最小,就要找 518400518400 中大于 720.720. 的最小因数。严格位于 720720768:768: 之间的因数不存在:如果它的 55 的指数为 2,1,2,1,0,0,那么分别除以 25,5,25,5,1,1, 后,形如 2i3j2^i3^j 的数必须位于 (28.8,30.72), (144,153.6),(28.8,30.72),\ (144,153.6),(720,768);(720,768); 而允许的幂 i8,j4i\le8,j\le4 中没有符合者。因为 768=283768=2^8\cdot3 是因数,所以它是最小可能的 b.b. 与它配对的因数为 a=518400/768=675,a=518400/768=675,bb 的数位和为 7+6+8=21.7+6+8=21. 因此,正确答案是 E

Since the terms are geometric, 7202=ab,720^2=ab, so ab=518400=283452.ab=518400=2^8\cdot3^4\cdot5^2. Because b=518400/a,b=518400/a, minimizing bb means finding the smallest divisor of 518400518400 greater than 720.720. There is no divisor strictly between 720720 and 768:768: if its exponent of 55 is 2,1,2,1, or 0,0, then after dividing by 25,5,25,5, or 1,1, respectively, a number of the form 2i3j2^i3^j would have to lie in (28.8,30.72), (144,153.6),(28.8,30.72),\ (144,153.6), or (720,768);(720,768); the allowed powers i8,j4i\le8,j\le4 give none. Since 768=283768=2^8\cdot3 is a divisor, it is the least possible b.b. Its paired divisor is a=518400/768=675,a=518400/768=675, and the digit sum of bb is 7+6+8=21.7+6+8=21. Thus, the correct answer is E.

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