2022 AMC 12B 第 3 题

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3.

数列 121,11211,1112111,121, 11211, 1112111, \ldots 的前十项中,有多少项是质数?

How many of the first ten numbers of the sequence 121,11211,1112111,121, 11211, 1112111, \ldots are prime numbers?

00

11

22

33

44

答案:A
知识点:因式分解质数
难度评级:1350
解答:

nn 项由 nn 个一、一个 22,再接 nn 个一组成。它可分解为循环单位数与形如 10n+110^n + 1 的数之积。例如 一般地,第 nn 项等于 11n+1(10n+1)\underbrace{1\cdots1}_{n+1} \cdot (10^n + 1)121=1111,11211=111101,1112111=11111001, \begin{aligned} &121 = 11 \cdot 11, \\ &\quad 11211 = 111 \cdot 101, \\ &\quad 1112111 = 1111 \cdot 1001, \end{aligned}

对每个 n1n \ge 1,两个因子都大于 11 所以每一项都是合数。

前十项中没有质数。所以正确答案是 A

The nnth term consists of nn ones, then a 2,2, then nn ones. It factors as a repunit times a number of the form 10n+1:10^n + 1: 121=1111,11211=111101,1112111=11111001, \begin{aligned} &121 = 11 \cdot 11, \\ &\quad 11211 = 111 \cdot 101, \\ &\quad 1112111 = 1111 \cdot 1001, \end{aligned} and in general the nnth term equals 11n+1(10n+1).\underbrace{1\cdots1}_{n+1} \cdot (10^n + 1).

For every n1n \ge 1 both factors exceed 1,1, so every term is composite. None of the ten numbers is prime.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

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