2018 AMC 12B 第 15 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

15.

有多少个 33 位正奇数是 33 的倍数,且不含数字 33

How many 33-digit positive odd multiples of 33 do not include the digit 3?3?

9696

9797

9898

102102

120120

答案:A
知识点:数字整除性乘法原理
难度评级:1930
解答:

写作 abc\overline{abc} 百位数字 aa88 种选择(1,2,4,5,6,7,8,91,2,4,5,6,7,8,9),个位数字 cc44 种选择(1,5,7,91,5,7,9)。

十位数字 bb 可为 {0,1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9}\{0,1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9\}。这些数字按模 33 分成三个大小相等的剩余类 {0,6,9},{1,4,7},{2,5,8}\{0,6,9\},\{1,4,7\},\{2,5,8\},所以恰有 33bb 使 a+b+ca+b+c 能被 33 整除。

总数为 843=968\cdot4\cdot3=96

所以正确答案是 A

Write the number as abc.\overline{abc}. The hundreds digit aa has 88 choices (1,2,4,5,6,7,8,91,2,4,5,6,7,8,9), and the units digit cc has 44 choices (1,5,7,91,5,7,9).

The tens digit bb may be any of {0,1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9}.\{0,1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9\}. These split into three residue classes mod 33 of equal size {0,6,9},{1,4,7},{2,5,8},\{0,6,9\},\{1,4,7\},\{2,5,8\}, so exactly 33 choices of bb make a+b+ca+b+c divisible by 3.3.

The count is 843=96.8\cdot4\cdot3=96.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

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