2018 AMC 12A 第 13 题

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13.

有多少个非负整数可以写成下面的形式:

a737+a636+a535+a434+a333+a232+a131+a030, \begin{aligned} &a_7 \cdot 3^7 + a_6 \cdot 3^6 + a_5 \cdot 3^5 \\ &\quad {}+ a_4 \cdot 3^4 + a_3 \cdot 3^3 + a_2 \cdot 3^2 \\ &\quad {}+ a_1 \cdot 3^1 + a_0 \cdot 3^0, \end{aligned}

其中对 0i70 \le i \le 7ai{1,0,1}a_i \in \{-1, 0, 1\}

How many nonnegative integers can be written in the form

a737+a636+a535+a434+a333+a232+a131+a030, \begin{aligned} &a_7 \cdot 3^7 + a_6 \cdot 3^6 + a_5 \cdot 3^5 \\ &\quad {}+ a_4 \cdot 3^4 + a_3 \cdot 3^3 + a_2 \cdot 3^2 \\ &\quad {}+ a_1 \cdot 3^1 + a_0 \cdot 3^0, \end{aligned}

where ai{1,0,1}a_i \in \{-1, 0, 1\} for 0i7?0 \le i \le 7?

512512

729729

10941094

32813281

59,04859{,}048

答案:D
知识点:进制双射对称性
难度评级:1660
解答:

给每个 aia_i 都加 11,可在这些表达式与从 003813^8 - 133 进制数之间建立双射,所以恰有 38=65613^8 = 6561 个不同整数出现。它们关于 00 对称(把所有 aia_i 取相反数会使数值取相反数),所以除了 00 本身外,一半为正。非负整数的个数为 即从 0032803280 的所有整数。 1+12(65611)=3281 1 + \tfrac12(6561 - 1) = 3281

所以正确答案是 D

Adding 11 to every aia_i gives a bijection between these expressions and the base-33 numerals for 00 through 381,3^8 - 1, so exactly 38=65613^8 = 6561 distinct integers occur. They are symmetric about 00 (negating all aia_i negates the value), so besides 00 itself, half are positive: 1+12(65611)=3281 1 + \tfrac12(6561 - 1) = 3281 nonnegative integers, namely 00 through 3280.3280.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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