2016 AMC 12A 第 15 题

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15.

圆心为 PPQQRR、半径分别为 112233 的三个圆位于直线 ll 的同侧,并分别在 PP'QQ'RR' 处与 ll 相切,其中 QQ'PP'RR' 之间。圆心为 QQ 的圆与另外两个圆都外切。 PQR\triangle PQR 的面积是多少?

Circles with centers P,P, Q,Q, and R,R, having radii 1,1, 2,2, and 3,3, respectively, lie on the same side of line ll and are tangent to ll at P,P', Q,Q', and R,R', respectively, with QQ' between PP' and R.R'. The circle with center QQ is externally tangent to each of the other two circles. What is the area of PQR?\triangle PQR?

00

23\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}}

11

62\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}

32\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}}

答案:D
知识点:相切圆勾股定理鞋带公式
难度评级:1800
解答:

三个圆心到直线 ll 的高度分别为 112233。由于圆 QQ 与圆 PP 外切,PQ=3PQ=3,所以水平距离为 PQ=3212=8P'Q'=\sqrt{3^2-1^2}=\sqrt{8}。同理,圆 QQ 与圆 RR 外切,QR=5QR=5,所以 QR=5212=24Q'R'=\sqrt{5^2-1^2}=\sqrt{24}

P=(0,1)P=(0,1)Q=(8,2)Q=(\sqrt8,2)R=(8+24,3)R=(\sqrt8+\sqrt{24},3)。由鞋带公式,面积为 128(31)+(8+24)(12)=12(248)=62. \begin{gathered} \small \dfrac12\left|\sqrt8(3-1)+(\sqrt8+\sqrt{24})(1-2)\right|\\ =\dfrac12\left(\sqrt{24}-\sqrt8\right)\\ =\sqrt6-\sqrt2. \end{gathered}

所以正确答案是 D

The centers lie at heights 1,1, 2,2, and 33 above line l.l. Since circle QQ is externally tangent to circle P,P, we have PQ=3,PQ=3, so the horizontal distance is PQ=3212=8.P'Q'=\sqrt{3^2-1^2}=\sqrt{8}. Since circle QQ is tangent to circle R,R, we have QR=5,QR=5, so QR=5212=24.Q'R'=\sqrt{5^2-1^2}=\sqrt{24}.

Place P=(0,1),P=(0,1), Q=(8,2),Q=(\sqrt8,2), and R=(8+24,3).R=(\sqrt8+\sqrt{24},3). By the shoelace formula, the area is 128(31)+(8+24)(12)=12(248)=62. \begin{gathered} \small \dfrac12\left|\sqrt8(3-1)+(\sqrt8+\sqrt{24})(1-2)\right|\\ =\dfrac12\left(\sqrt{24}-\sqrt8\right)\\ =\sqrt6-\sqrt2. \end{gathered}

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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