2012 AMC 12B 第 13 题

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13.

两条抛物线的方程为 y=x2+ax+by = x^2 + ax + by=x2+cx+dy = x^2 + cx + d, 其中 aabbcc, 和 dd 是整数(不一定互不相同),每个都通过掷一枚公平的六面骰子独立选出。两条抛物线至少有一个公共点的概率是多少?

Two parabolas have equations y=x2+ax+by = x^2 + ax + b and y=x2+cx+d,y = x^2 + cx + d, where a,a, b,b, c,c, and dd are integers (not necessarily different), each chosen independently by rolling a fair six-sided die. What is the probability that the parabolas have at least one point in common?

12\dfrac{1}{2}

2536\dfrac{25}{36}

56\dfrac{5}{6}

3136\dfrac{31}{36}

11

答案:D
知识点:基本概率补集计数骰子(概率)
难度评级:1590
解答:

抛物线相交处满足 x2+ax+b=x2+cx+dx^2+ax+b=x^2+cx+d, 即 ax+b=cx+dax+b=cx+d。 这个方程无解恰好在线平行且不同的时候,也就是 a=ca=cbdb\neq d

a=ca=c 的概率是 16\tfrac16, 且 bdb\neq d 的概率是 56\tfrac56, 所以没有公共点的概率为 1656=536\tfrac16\cdot\tfrac56=\tfrac5{36}

至少有一个公共点的概率为 1536=31361-\tfrac5{36}=\tfrac{31}{36}

因此正确答案是 D

The parabolas meet where x2+ax+b=x2+cx+d,x^2+ax+b=x^2+cx+d, i.e. ax+b=cx+d.ax+b=cx+d. This has no solution exactly when the lines are parallel and distinct: a=ca=c and bd.b\neq d.

The probability that a=ca=c is 16,\tfrac16, and the probability that bdb\neq d is 56,\tfrac56, so the probability of no common point is 1656=536.\tfrac16\cdot\tfrac56=\tfrac5{36}.

The probability of at least one common point is 1536=3136.1-\tfrac5{36}=\tfrac{31}{36}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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