2010 AMC 12A 第 13 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

13.

对多少个整数 kk 图像 x2+y2=k2x^2+y^2=k^2xy=kxy=k 不相交?

For how many integer values of kk do the graphs of x2+y2=k2x^2+y^2=k^2 and xy=kxy=k not intersect?

00

11

22

44

88

答案:C
知识点:双曲线分类讨论
难度评级:1590
解答:

k=0k=0 时,x2+y2=0x^2+y^2=0 的图像是单点 (0,0)(0,0),而 xy=0xy=0 是两条坐标轴,它们在原点相交。

k0k\ne0 时,圆的半径为 k|k|,双曲线 xy=kxy=k 离原点最近的两个顶点到原点距离为 2k\sqrt{2|k|}。两图像相交当且仅当 k2k|k|\ge\sqrt{2|k|},即 k2|k|\ge2

所以只有 k=1|k|=1 时两图像不相交,也就是 k=1k=1k=1k=-1,共有 22 个值。

因此 C 是正确答案。

For k=0,k=0, the graph of x2+y2=0x^2+y^2=0 is the single point (0,0)(0,0) and xy=0xy=0 is the two axes, which meet at the origin, so the graphs intersect.

For k0,k\ne0, the circle has radius k,|k|, and the hyperbola xy=kxy=k has its two vertices nearest the origin at distance 2k.\sqrt{2|k|}. The graphs meet exactly when k2k,|k|\ge\sqrt{2|k|}, that is k2.|k|\ge2.

So they fail to intersect only when k=1,|k|=1, namely k=1k=1 and k=1,k=-1, giving 22 values.

Thus, C is the correct answer.

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