2008 AMC 12A 第 13 题

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13.

AABB 在以 OO 为圆心的圆上,且 AOB=60\angle AOB = 60^\circ。第二个圆内切于第一个圆,并与 OAOAOBOB 都相切。小圆面积与大圆面积之比是多少?

Points AA and BB lie on a circle centered at O,O, and AOB=60.\angle AOB = 60^\circ. A second circle is internally tangent to the first and tangent to both OAOA and OB.OB. What is the ratio of the area of the smaller circle to that of the larger circle?

116\dfrac{1}{16}

19\dfrac{1}{9}

18\dfrac{1}{8}

16\dfrac{1}{6}

14\dfrac{1}{4}

答案:B
知识点:相切圆特殊直角三角形面积比
难度评级:1620
解答:

设小圆和大圆半径分别为 rrRR,小圆圆心为 EE。由对称性,EEAOB\angle AOB 的角平分线上,所以 OEOEOAOA3030^\circ

作半径 EDED 垂直于 OAOA,得到 3030-6060-9090 三角形,所以 OE=2ED=2rOE = 2 \cdot ED = 2r。两圆内切还给出 OE=RrOE = R - r

于是 Rr=2rR - r = 2r,所以 R=3rR = 3rrR=13\tfrac{r}{R} = \tfrac{1}{3}(13)2=19. \left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2 = \dfrac{1}{9}.

所以正确答案是 B

Let rr and RR be the radii of the smaller and larger circles, and let EE be the center of the smaller circle. By symmetry EE lies on the bisector of AOB,\angle AOB, so OEOE makes a 3030^\circ angle with OA.OA.

Dropping the radius EDED perpendicular to OAOA gives a 3030-6060-9090 triangle with OE=2ED=2r.OE = 2 \cdot ED = 2r. Since the circles are internally tangent, OE=Rr.OE = R - r.

Then Rr=2r,R - r = 2r, so R=3rR = 3r and rR=13.\tfrac{r}{R} = \tfrac{1}{3}. The ratio of areas is (13)2=19. \left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2 = \dfrac{1}{9}.

Thus, B is the correct answer.

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