2007 AMC 12A 第 13 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

13.

一块奶酪位于坐标平面上的 (12,10)(12,10)。一只老鼠在 (4,2)(4,-2),并沿直线 y=5x+18y=-5x+18 向上跑。在点 (a,b)(a,b) 处,老鼠开始离奶酪越来越远,而不是越来越近。求 a+ba+b

A piece of cheese is located at (12,10)(12,10) in a coordinate plane. A mouse is at (4,2)(4,-2) and is running up the line y=5x+18.y=-5x+18. At the point (a,b)(a,b) the mouse starts getting farther from the cheese rather than closer to it. What is a+b?a+b?

66

1010

1414

1818

2222

答案:B
知识点:坐标几何斜率
难度评级:1410
解答:

老鼠在从 (12,10)(12,10) 到该直线的垂足处最接近奶酪。

这条垂线斜率为 15\tfrac15, 所以方程为 y=10+15(x12)=15x+385y=10+\tfrac15(x-12)=\tfrac15 x+\tfrac{38}{5}

15x+385=5x+18\tfrac15 x+\tfrac{38}{5}=-5x+18,得 x=2x=2y=8y=8。 因此 (a,b)=(2,8)(a,b)=(2,8)a+b=10a+b=10

因此,正确答案是 B

The mouse is closest to the cheese at the foot of the perpendicular from (12,10)(12,10) to the line.

This perpendicular has slope 15,\tfrac15, so its equation is y=10+15(x12)=15x+385.y=10+\tfrac15(x-12)=\tfrac15 x+\tfrac{38}{5}.

Setting 15x+385=5x+18\tfrac15 x+\tfrac{38}{5}=-5x+18 gives x=2x=2 and y=8.y=8. Thus (a,b)=(2,8)(a,b)=(2,8) and a+b=10.a+b=10.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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