2001 AMC 12 第 3 题

先试着解答 2001 AMC 12 第 3 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2001 AMC 12 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

3.

Kristin 所住的州规定,年收入中前 $28000\$28000 的所得税率为 p%p\%,超过 $28000\$28000 的部分税率为 (p+2)%(p + 2)\%。Kristin 发现,她缴纳的州所得税相当于年收入的 (p+0.25)%(p + 0.25)\%。她的年收入是多少?
The state income tax where Kristin lives is levied at the rate of p%p\% of the first $28000\$28000 of annual income plus (p+2)%(p + 2)\% of any amount above $28000.\$28000. Kristin noticed that the state income tax she paid amounted to (p+0.25)%(p + 0.25)\% of her annual income. What was her annual income?
$28000\$28000
$32000\$32000
$35000\$35000
$42000\$42000
$56000\$56000
答案:B
知识点:百分数一次方程
小提示:
设她的收入为 xx 美元,其中 x>28000x \gt 28000,并用两种方式表示税额
Let her income be xx dollars with x>28000,x \gt 28000, and write the tax two different ways
大提示:
列式 p⋅28000p \cdot 28000 +(p+2)(x−28000)+ (p + 2)(x - 28000) =(p+0.25)x= (p + 0.25)x;其中含 pp 的项会抵消
Set p⋅28000p \cdot 28000 +(p+2)(x−28000)+ (p + 2)(x - 28000) =(p+0.25)x= (p + 0.25)x; the pp terms cancel
解答:
设她的收入为 x>28000x \gt 28000 美元。用两种描述写出税额,并同乘以 100100,p⋅28000+(p+2)(x−28000)=(p+0.25)x。 \begin{aligned} &p \cdot 28000 \\ &\quad {}+ (p + 2)(x - 28000) \\ &= (p + 0.25)x\text{。} \end{aligned}
展开后,所有含 pp 的项都抵消,剩下 2x−56000=0.25x, 2x - 56000 = 0.25x\text{,} 所以 1.75x=560001.75x = 56000,且 x=32000x = 32000。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Let her income be x>28000x \gt 28000 dollars. Writing the tax with both descriptions and multiplying by 100,100, p⋅28000+(p+2)(x−28000)=(p+0.25)x. \begin{aligned} &p \cdot 28000 \\ &\quad {}+ (p + 2)(x - 28000) \\ &= (p + 0.25)x. \end{aligned}
Expanding, every term containing pp cancels, leaving 2x−56000=0.25x, 2x - 56000 = 0.25x, so 1.75x=560001.75x = 56000 and x=32000.x = 32000.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
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