2020 AMC 12A 第 7 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

7.

七个体积分别为 1,8,27,64,125,2161, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 和 343343 立方单位的立方体竖直堆叠成一座塔,其中立方体的体积从下到上递减。除了最底下的立方体外,每个立方体的底面都完全落在它下方立方体的顶面上。这座塔的总表面积(包括底面)是多少平方单位?

Seven cubes, whose volumes are 1,8,27,64,125,216,1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, and 343343 cubic units, are stacked vertically to form a tower in which the volumes of the cubes decrease from bottom to top. Except for the bottom cube, the bottom face of each cube lies completely on top of the cube below it. What is the total surface area of the tower (including the bottom) in square units?

644644

658658

664664

720720

749749

答案:B
知识点:表面积前n项平方和
难度评级:1340
解答:

这些立方体的边长为 1,2,,71, 2, \ldots, 7。边长为 kk 的立方体的四个侧面贡献 4k24k^2,所以竖直侧面的总面积为 4(12+22++72)4(1^2 + 2^2 + \cdots + 7^2) =4140=560= 4 \cdot 140 = 560

从正上方看,每一块朝上的水平面都无重叠地投影到底部的 7×77 \times 7 正方形上,面积为 4949。 从下方看同理,再得到 4949

总表面积为 560+49+49=658560 + 49 + 49 = 658

因此,正确答案是 B

The side lengths are 1,2,,7.1, 2, \ldots, 7. The four side faces of cube kk contribute 4k2,4k^2, so the vertical faces total 4(12+22++72)4(1^2 + 2^2 + \cdots + 7^2) =4140=560.= 4 \cdot 140 = 560.

Viewed from directly above, every upward-facing horizontal patch projects onto the 7×77 \times 7 base without overlap, giving 49.49. Viewed from below, the same is true, giving another 49.49.

The total surface area is 560+49+49=658.560 + 49 + 49 = 658.

Thus, B is the correct answer.

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