2013 AMC 12B 第 15 题

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15.

数字 20132013 被表示为

2013=a1!a2!am!b1!b2!bn!, 2013 = \frac{a_1!\,a_2!\cdots a_m!}{b_1!\,b_2!\cdots b_n!},

其中 a1a2ama_1 \ge a_2 \ge \cdots \ge a_mb1b2bnb_1 \ge b_2 \ge \cdots \ge b_n 都是正整数,且 a1+b1a_1 + b_1 尽可能小。求 a1b1|a_1 - b_1|\,

The number 20132013 is expressed in the form

2013=a1!a2!am!b1!b2!bn!, 2013 = \frac{a_1!\,a_2!\cdots a_m!}{b_1!\,b_2!\cdots b_n!},

where a1a2ama_1 \ge a_2 \ge \cdots \ge a_m and b1b2bnb_1 \ge b_2 \ge \cdots \ge b_n are positive integers and a1+b1a_1 + b_1 is as small as possible. What is a1b1?|a_1 - b_1|\,?

11

22

33

44

55

答案:B
知识点:质因数分解阶乘极限情形界定
难度评级:1840
解答:

因为 2013=311612013 = 3\cdot 11\cdot 61,分子中至少需要一个 61!61! 来提供质因数 6161,所以 a161a_1 \ge 61。但是 61!61! 还含有 20132013 所不含的质因数 5959,所以分母中必须有 b159b_1 \ge 59。因此 a1+b1120a_1 + b_1 \ge 120。取 a1=61a_1 = 61b1=59b_1 = 59,并使用 2013=61!11!3!59!10!5!2013 = \dfrac{61!\,11!\,3!}{59!\,10!\,5!},可以达到这个下界。于是 a1b1=2|a_1 - b_1| = 2。所以正确答案是 B

Since 2013=31161,2013 = 3\cdot 11\cdot 61, the numerator needs a factorial at least 61!61! to supply the prime 61,61, so a161.a_1 \ge 61. But 61!61! also has a factor of 59,59, which 20132013 does not, so the denominator needs b159.b_1 \ge 59. Thus a1+b1120,a_1 + b_1 \ge 120, attained by a1=61,a_1 = 61, b1=59b_1 = 59 via 2013=61!11!3!59!10!5!.2013 = \dfrac{61!\,11!\,3!}{59!\,10!\,5!}. Then a1b1=2.|a_1 - b_1| = 2. Thus, the correct answer is B.

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