2018 AMC 12A 第 3 题

先试着解答 2018 AMC 12A 第 3 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2018 AMC 12A 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

3.

一名学生要在一天 66 节课中安排 33 门数学课:代数、几何和数论。如果任意两门数学课不能安排在连续课时中,有多少种安排方法?(其他 33 节课上什么不需要考虑。)
How many ways can a student schedule 33 mathematics courses—algebra, geometry, and number theory—in a 66-period day if no two mathematics courses can be taken in consecutive periods? (What courses the student takes during the other 33 periods is of no concern here.)
33
66
1212
1818
2424
答案:E
知识点:有限制的排列排列
小提示:
先数出从 66 个课时中选 33 个且没有相邻课时的集合数
First count the sets of 33 periods out of 66 with no two chosen periods adjacent
大提示:
这样的集合有 44 个,而三门不同课程可以用 3!3! 种方式分配进去
There are 44 such sets, and the three distinct courses can be assigned in 3!3! ways
解答:
三个不相邻课时的选择为 {1,3,5}\{1,3,5\},{1,3,6}\{1,3,6\},{1,4,6}\{1,4,6\},和 {2,4,6}\{2,4,6\},共 44 种。三门不同课程可以按任意顺序放进这样的课时集合中,有 3!=63! = 6 种顺序,因此共有 4⋅6=244 \cdot 6 = 24 种安排。
所以正确答案是 E。
The choices of three non-consecutive periods are {1,3,5},\{1,3,5\}, {1,3,6},\{1,3,6\}, {1,4,6},\{1,4,6\}, and {2,4,6},\{2,4,6\}, a total of 4.4. The three distinct courses can be placed into any such set in 3!=63! = 6 orders, giving 4⋅6=244 \cdot 6 = 24 schedules.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
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