2013 AMC 12A 第 12 题

先试着解答 2013 AMC 12A 第 12 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2013 AMC 12A 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

12.

某个三角形的三个角成等差数列,边长为 44,55,和 xx。所有可能的 xx 值之和等于 a+b+ca + \sqrt{b} + \sqrt{c},其中 aa,bb,和 cc 为正整数。a+b+ca + b + c 是多少?
The angles in a particular triangle are in arithmetic progression, and the side lengths are 4,4, 5,5, and x.x. The sum of the possible values of xx equals a+b+c,a + \sqrt{b} + \sqrt{c}, where a,a, b,b, and cc are positive integers. What is a+b+c?a + b + c?
3636
3838
4040
4242
4444
答案:A
知识点:等差数列余弦定理分类讨论
小提示:
三个角成等差数列且和为 180∘180^\circ,所以中间的角必须是 60∘60^\circ。
Angles in arithmetic progression summing to 180∘180^\circ force the middle angle to be 60∘60^\circ
大提示:
分别讨论哪条边对着 60∘60^\circ 角,并使用余弦定理
Apply the Law of Cosines in each case for which side is opposite the 60∘60^\circ angle
解答:
若三个角为 α−δ,α,α+δ\alpha - \delta, \alpha, \alpha + \delta,它们的和 3α=180∘3\alpha = 180^\circ 给出 α=60∘\alpha = 60^\circ,所以其中一个角是 60∘60^\circ。
若 xx 对着 60∘60^\circ 角,由余弦定理得 x2=42+52−2⋅4⋅5cos⁡60∘=21, \begin{gathered} x^2 = 4^2 + 5^2 - 2\cdot 4\cdot 5\cos 60^\circ \\ = 21\text{,} \end{gathered} 所以 x=21x = \sqrt{21}。
若 55 对着 60∘60^\circ 角,则 25=x2−4x+1625 = x^2 - 4x + 16,正解为 x=2+13x = 2 + \sqrt{13}。若 44 对着该角,则 16=x2−5x+2516 = x^2 - 5x + 25,没有实数解。
所有可能值的和为 2+13+212 + \sqrt{13} + \sqrt{21},所以 a+b+c=2+13+21=36a + b + c = 2 + 13 + 21 = 36。
因此,正确答案是 A。
If the angles are α−δ,α,α+δ,\alpha - \delta, \alpha, \alpha + \delta, their sum 3α=180∘3\alpha = 180^\circ gives α=60∘,\alpha = 60^\circ, so one angle is 60∘.60^\circ.
If xx is opposite the 60∘60^\circ angle, the Law of Cosines gives x2=42+52−2⋅4⋅5cos⁡60∘=21, \begin{gathered} x^2 = 4^2 + 5^2 - 2\cdot 4\cdot 5\cos 60^\circ \\ = 21, \end{gathered} so x=21.x = \sqrt{21}.
If 55 is opposite the 60∘60^\circ angle, then 25=x2−4x+16,25 = x^2 - 4x + 16, whose positive solution is x=2+13.x = 2 + \sqrt{13}. If 44 is opposite, then 16=x2−5x+2516 = x^2 - 5x + 25 has no real solution.
The sum of the possible values is 2+13+21,2 + \sqrt{13} + \sqrt{21}, so a+b+c=2+13+21=36.a + b + c = 2 + 13 + 21 = 36.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
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