2013 AMC 12A 第 12 题

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12.

某个三角形的三个角成等差数列,边长为 4,54, 5, 和 xx。 所有可能的 xx 值之和等于 a+b+ca + \sqrt{b} + \sqrt{c}, 其中 a,ba, b, 和 cc 为正整数。求 a+b+ca + b + c

The angles in a particular triangle are in arithmetic progression, and the side lengths are 4,5,4, 5, and x.x. The sum of the possible values of xx equals a+b+c,a + \sqrt{b} + \sqrt{c}, where a,b,a, b, and cc are positive integers. What is a+b+c?a + b + c?

3636

3838

4040

4242

4444

答案:A
知识点:等差数列余弦定理分类讨论
难度评级:1740
解答:

若三个角为 αδ,α,α+δ\alpha - \delta, \alpha, \alpha + \delta, 它们的和 3α=1803\alpha = 180^\circ 给出 α=60\alpha = 60^\circ, 所以其中一个角是 6060^\circ

xx 对着 6060^\circ 角,由余弦定理得 所以 x=21x = \sqrt{21}x2=42+52245cos60=21, \begin{gathered} x^2 = 4^2 + 5^2 - 2\cdot 4\cdot 5\cos 60^\circ \\ = 21, \end{gathered}

55 对着 6060^\circ 角,则 25=x24x+1625 = x^2 - 4x + 16,正解为 x=2+13x = 2 + \sqrt{13}。若 44 对着该角,则 16=x25x+2516 = x^2 - 5x + 25,没有实数解。

所有可能值的和为 2+13+212 + \sqrt{13} + \sqrt{21}, 所以 a+b+c=2+13+21=36a + b + c = 2 + 13 + 21 = 36

因此,正确答案是 A

If the angles are αδ,α,α+δ,\alpha - \delta, \alpha, \alpha + \delta, their sum 3α=1803\alpha = 180^\circ gives α=60,\alpha = 60^\circ, so one angle is 60.60^\circ.

If xx is opposite the 6060^\circ angle, the Law of Cosines gives x2=42+52245cos60=21, \begin{gathered} x^2 = 4^2 + 5^2 - 2\cdot 4\cdot 5\cos 60^\circ \\ = 21, \end{gathered} so x=21.x = \sqrt{21}.

If 55 is opposite the 6060^\circ angle, then 25=x24x+16,25 = x^2 - 4x + 16, whose positive solution is x=2+13.x = 2 + \sqrt{13}. If 44 is opposite, then 16=x25x+2516 = x^2 - 5x + 25 has no real solution.

The sum of the possible values is 2+13+21,2 + \sqrt{13} + \sqrt{21}, so a+b+c=2+13+21=36.a + b + c = 2 + 13 + 21 = 36.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

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