2009 AMC 12A 第 12 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

12.

小于 10001000 的正整数中,有多少个等于其各位数字和的 66 倍?

How many positive integers less than 10001000 are 66 times the sum of their digits?

00

11

22

44

1212

答案:B
知识点:数字极限情形界定分类讨论
难度评级:1730
解答:

如果 N=6(digit sum)N = 6\cdot(\text{digit sum}),那么由于小于 10001000 的数的数字和最大为 2727,可得 N162N \le 162

对于两位数,10t+u=6(t+u)10t + u = 6(t + u),得 4t=5u4t = 5u,因而 t=5t = 5u=4u = 4,所以 N=54N = 54。一位数需要 6u=u6u = u,对 u>0u \gt 0 不可能。三位数满足 100h+10t+u=6(h+t+u)100h + 10t + u = 6(h + t + u),给出 94h+4t=5u94h + 4t = 5u,左边至少为 9494,右边至多为 4545,所以没有解。

因此恰好有一个数 5454, 满足条件。

因此,正确答案是 B

If N=6(digit sum),N = 6\cdot(\text{digit sum}), then since the digit sum of a number below 10001000 is at most 27,27, we have N162.N \le 162.

For a two-digit number 10t+u=6(t+u)10t + u = 6(t + u) gives 4t=5u,4t = 5u, forcing t=5t = 5 and u=4,u = 4, so N=54.N = 54. A one-digit number would need 6u=u,6u = u, impossible for u>0.u \gt 0. A three-digit number 100h+10t+u=6(h+t+u)100h + 10t + u = 6(h + t + u) gives 94h+4t=5u,94h + 4t = 5u, whose left side is at least 9494 while the right side is at most 45,45, so there is no solution.

Hence exactly one number, 54,54, works.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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