2007 AMC 12A 第 12 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

12.

整数 aabbccdd0020072007(含端点)中独立随机选取,不要求互不相同。adbcad-bc 为偶数的概率是多少?

Integers a,a, b,b, c,c, and d,d, not necessarily distinct, are chosen independently and at random from 00 to 2007,2007, inclusive. What is the probability that adbcad-bc is even?

38\dfrac{3}{8}

716\dfrac{7}{16}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

916\dfrac{9}{16}

58\dfrac{5}{8}

答案:E
知识点:奇偶性基本概率
难度评级:1410
解答:

0020072007 的整数中恰好有一半是奇数。

乘积 adad 只有在两个因数都是奇数时才是奇数,概率为 1212=14\tfrac12\cdot\tfrac12=\tfrac14, 因此为偶数的概率为 34\tfrac34bcbc 也同理。

因此 adbcad-bc 在两个乘积都为奇数或都为偶数时为偶数: 1414+3434=1016=58.\tfrac14\cdot\tfrac14+\tfrac34\cdot\tfrac34=\tfrac{10}{16}=\tfrac58.

因此,正确答案是 E

Exactly half of the integers from 00 to 20072007 are odd.

A product adad is odd only when both factors are odd, with probability 1212=14,\tfrac12\cdot\tfrac12=\tfrac14, and even with probability 34.\tfrac34. The same holds for bc.bc.

Then adbcad-bc is even when both products are odd or both are even: 1414+3434=1016=58.\tfrac14\cdot\tfrac14+\tfrac34\cdot\tfrac34=\tfrac{10}{16}=\tfrac58.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

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