2021 AMC 12B Fall 第 11 题

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11.

Una 同时掷 66 个标准 66 面骰,并计算掷出的 66 个数的乘积。该乘积能被 44 整除的概率是多少?

Una rolls 66 standard 66-sided dice simultaneously and calculates the product of the 66 numbers obtained. What is the probability that the product is divisible by 4?4?

34\dfrac{3}{4}

5764\dfrac{57}{64}

5964\dfrac{59}{64}

187192\dfrac{187}{192}

6364\dfrac{63}{64}

答案:C
知识点:骰子(概率)对立事件概率
难度评级:1650
解答:

当乘积中至多含一个因子 22 时,它不能被 44 整除。每个骰子掷出奇数的概率为 12\tfrac12;恰好贡献一个因子 22(即掷出 2266)的概率为 13\tfrac13;贡献两个因子(即掷出 44)的概率为 16\tfrac16

六个骰子全为奇数:(12)6=164\left(\tfrac12\right)^6 = \tfrac{1}{64} 恰有一个骰子为 2266,其余为奇数:613(12)5=116=4646 \cdot \tfrac13 \cdot \left(\tfrac12\right)^5 = \tfrac{1}{16} = \tfrac{4}{64}

不能被四整除的概率为 164+464=564\tfrac{1}{64} + \tfrac{4}{64} = \tfrac{5}{64} 因此所求概率为 1564=59641 - \tfrac{5}{64} = \tfrac{59}{64}

所以正确答案是 C

The product fails to be divisible by 44 when it has at most one factor of 2.2. Each die is odd with probability 12,\tfrac12, contributes exactly one factor of 22 (a 22 or 66) with probability 13,\tfrac13, and two factors (a 44) with probability 16.\tfrac16.

All six odd: (12)6=164.\left(\tfrac12\right)^6 = \tfrac{1}{64}. Exactly one die a 22 or 66 and the rest odd: 613(12)5=116=464.6 \cdot \tfrac13 \cdot \left(\tfrac12\right)^5 = \tfrac{1}{16} = \tfrac{4}{64}.

The complement is 164+464=564,\tfrac{1}{64} + \tfrac{4}{64} = \tfrac{5}{64}, so the answer is 1564=5964.1 - \tfrac{5}{64} = \tfrac{59}{64}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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