2021 AMC 12A Fall 第 12 题

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12.

表达式 的展开式有 10011001 项,其中有多少项的系数是有理数? (x23+y3)1000? \left(x\sqrt[3]{2} + y\sqrt{3}\right)^{1000}?

What is the number of terms with rational coefficients among the 10011001 terms in the expansion of (x23+y3)1000? \left(x\sqrt[3]{2} + y\sqrt{3}\right)^{1000}?

00

166166

167167

500500

501501

答案:C
知识点:二项式定理整除性
难度评级:1630
解答:

通项为 (1000k)(x23)1000k(y3)k\binom{1000}{k}(x\sqrt[3]{2})^{1000-k}(y\sqrt{3})^{k},其系数含有 2(1000k)/32^{(1000-k)/3}3k/23^{k/2}。它有理当且仅当 3(1000k)3 \mid (1000 - k)kk 为偶数。

因为 10001(mod3)1000 \equiv 1 \pmod 3,所以需要 k1(mod3)k \equiv 1 \pmod 3kk 为偶数,合并得 k4(mod6)k \equiv 4 \pmod 6。有效值为 k=4,10,,1000k = 4, 10, \ldots, 1000,共有 100046+1=167\dfrac{1000 - 4}{6} + 1 = 167 个。

所以正确答案是 C

The general term is (1000k)(x23)1000k(y3)k,\binom{1000}{k}(x\sqrt[3]{2})^{1000-k}(y\sqrt{3})^{k}, whose coefficient contains 2(1000k)/32^{(1000-k)/3} and 3k/2.3^{k/2}. This is rational exactly when 3(1000k)3 \mid (1000 - k) and kk is even.

Since 10001(mod3),1000 \equiv 1 \pmod 3, we need k1(mod3)k \equiv 1 \pmod 3 and kk even, which combine to k4(mod6).k \equiv 4 \pmod 6. The valid values k=4,10,,1000k = 4, 10, \ldots, 1000 number 100046+1=167.\dfrac{1000 - 4}{6} + 1 = 167.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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